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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What spinal level does the abdominal aorta begin at? Terminate at?
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T12
Enters through the aortic hiatus Terminates at L4 Bifurcates into left and right common iliac arteries ** I-8 10-Eggs At-12 (IVC T8, Esophagus T10, Abdominal aorta T12) |
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What are the relationships of the abdominal aorta?
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Thoracic duct and cisterna chyli - to the right
Duodenum, pancreas, and root of the mesentery - cross anterior surface of aorta IVC - to the right Left renal vein - crosses anterior to the aorta Anterior longitudinal ligament and vertebral bodies - posterior |
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T or F: Arteries supplying GI structures branch from the abdominal aorta anteriorly and are unpaired.
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True
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Arteries supplying non-GI structures branch _______ from the abdominal aorta and are ___________.
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Laterally
Paired |
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What is an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
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Balloon like dilation of the abdominal aorta
Usually arises below the renal arteries and above aortic bifurcation |
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What causes AAA, how does the patient present, and what is the triad for AAA rupture?
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Caused by atherosclerosis
Presents as a pulsatile abdominal mass that grows with time Aorta should be no larger than 3cm on palpation Triad: Hypotension, pulsatile abdominal mass, flank pain |
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The celiac trunk (artery) branches from the ___________ at _______?
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Aorta at T12-L1
Immediately inferior to aortic hiatus |
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What does the celiac trunk branch into?
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Very short before branching, branches into
Left gastric artery Splenic artery Common hepatic artery |
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The left gastric artery gives off __________, follows ____________, and anastomoses with ___________.
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Esophageal branches
Less curvature of stomach Right gastric artery |
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The common hepatic artery branches into what 2 arteries?
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Proper hepatic artery
Gastroduodenal artery |
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The proper hepatic artery gives of what other arteries?
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Right gastric artery which anastomoses with left gastric a
Ends as right and left hepatic arteries |
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The cystic artery is usually a branch of what other artery?
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Right hepatic artery
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What two arteries does the gastro-duodenal bifurcate into?
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Right gastro-omental artery and superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
*May also give off supraduodenal artery |
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Describe the splenic artery.
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Runs posterior to stomach and superior to pancreas
Very tortuous Within the splenorenal ligament Ends as several splenic arteries (do not anastomose) |
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What are the branches of the splenic artery?
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1. Short gastric artery - upper part of greater curvature, within gastroplenic ligament, poor anastomoses
2. Left gastro-omental artery - greater curvature, anastomoses with right gastro-omental artery 3. Pancreatic branches - dorsal and inferior pancreatic arteries |
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The portal triad is composed of what structures and what is their typical arrangement?
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The bile duct - right
Proper hepatic artery - left Portal vein - posterior |
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The portal triad is located within what ligament?
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The hepatoduodenal ligament
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What are the borders of Calot's triangle?
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Medially - common hepatic duct
Laterally - cystic duct Superiorly - edge of liver *Cystic artery sits within this triangle |
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What does the portal vein do?
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Brings deoxygenate nutrient rich blood form GI tract to the liver
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The liver is drained by what type of veins?
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Hepatic veins
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What is portal hypertension?
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Increased pressure in the portal vein caused by blockage of blood flow to the liver
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What are the most common causes of portal hypertension?
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Cirrhosis due to hepatitis
Alcohol abuse |
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How does portal hypertension manifest?
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Ascites
Congestive splenomegaly Portosystemic shunts |
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What is the bile duct formed by?
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Formed by cystic duct (gallbladder) and common hepatic duct (liver)
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What is a nerve plexi?
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Mix of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and afferent nerve fibers
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Describe sympathetic innervation in the gut.
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Preganglionic fibers arise at T5 - L1
Synapse in prevertebral sympathetic ganglia Postganglionic travel from ganglia to abdomnial organs |
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Describe parasympathetic innervation.
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Preganglionic fibers travel thru celiac plexus but DO NOT synapse
Synapse in nerve plexi of enteric nervous system Vagus nerve innervates foregut and midgut Pelvic nerves arise at S2-S4 and innervate hindgut |
