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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Decreased hemoglobin levels, RBC count, leading to decreased O2 carried in blood- tissue hypoxia
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Anemia
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Severe acute – loss of BP – death
Coffee ground emesis Black Stools Nose bleed Bruising Bloody stool |
Blood Loss Anemia
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Short lifespan of RBC due to premature lysis
Iron Overload Hemoglobinemia Hemoglobinuria |
Hemolytic Anemia
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Major Cause of hemolytic anemia
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Hemoglobinopathies
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Sickle shaped RBC's lifespan reduced from 120 to 20 days.
Hemolysis + blood viscosity Organ damage |
Sickle Cell Anemia
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Little to no synthesis of alpha or beta Hb chains
Alpha-common in _____ Beta- common in ______ |
Thalassemia
alpha-asians beta-mediterranean |
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Deficiency in -enzyme used in RBC metabolism and protection from oxidation.
Disorder? Enzyme? Symptoms? |
G6PD Deficiency
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mostly asymptomatic |
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Most common cause of anemia
Children,women, pt's with nutritional deficiency |
Iron Deficiency Anemia
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Macrocyctic anemia
+ Pernicious anemia Type of anemia? |
Megaloblastic Anemia
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Megaloblastic anemia that is more common with age- involves less production of intrinsic factor causing less absorption of vit b12
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Pernicious Anemia
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Common in
elderly alcoholics anorexics/bulemics |
Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia
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Bone marrow depression
Decrease blood stem cell production- therefore decreasing all blood cell types |
Aplastic Anemia
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Increase in pluripotent cells- increasing all blood cell types
Increases blood viscosity-BP-clots, strokes due to? |
Polycythemia Vera
neoplasm |
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Neoplastic Disorders of WBC's.
Leading cause of death in children. Classified according to predominant cell type. |
Leukemia's
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Acute vs. Chronic
Proliferation of immature lymphocytes + progenitor cells |
Lymphocytic Leukemia
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Acute vs. Chronic
Proliferation of pluripotent myeloid stem cells: granulocytes erythrocytes thrombocytes |
Myelogenous Leukemia
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Acute Leukemia
Sudden and severe onset ____ more common in kids ____ more common in adults |
ALL
AML |
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Chronic Leukemia
Slow onset, slow progression, milder symptoms ____ >50yrs ____ 30-50yrs |
CLL
CML |
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Malignancy of plasma cells – antibodies
Increasing osteolytic bone lesions increase secretion of paraproteins Renal failure- Bence Jones proteins low (mw) Symptoms? crab |
Mutliple Myeloma
C alcium elevated R enal Failure A nemia B one Pain |
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Solid Tumors
Cancer of lymphocytes >600,000 ppl in US |
Lymphoma
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Reed Sternberg Cell originate from B cells
Painless and progressive of one or more lymph nodes |
Hodgkin Lymphoma
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3X more common than HL
incidence is increasing males>females 80% originate from B cells can come from T cells 16 types |
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
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Hypercoagulable Disorders
Exaggeration of hemostatic mechanisms: blood clots Thrombus Embolus Two types: |
Platelet Disorders
Coagulation Disorders |
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Thrombocytosis
increased platelet count |
Platelet Disorder
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Antiphospholipid
antibody syndrome Causes blood clots in both arterial and venous systems Factor V Leiden Mutation Prothrombin Gene Mutation Antithrombin III Deficiency |
Coagulation Disorder
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Defects in either coagulation factors and or platelets leading to blood loss
Hypotension-decreased blood volume-risk of hemorrhage |
Bleeding Disorders
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Platelet Disorders
Two Types: |
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
Thrombic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) |
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Decrease in platelet count
<100,000/microliters Decrease in platelet production Increased platelet sequestration by spleen Decreasing platelet lifespan Autoimmune, Viral, Idiopathic |
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
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Sudden and rare
Women>Men Enzyme Deficiency Thrombocytopenia Hemolytic Anemia Renal Fail, Fever, Neurological |
Thrombic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
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Hepatitis
Hepatic Failure Cirrhosis Hemophilia Von Willebrand Disease |
Coagulation Factor Disorders
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Most common
Men>Women Spontaneous joint bleeds GI bleeds Muscle hematomas Factor VIII deficiency |
Hemophilia A
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Spontaneous joint bleeds
GI bleeds Muscle hematomas Factor IX deficiency |
Hemophilia B
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Deficiency in vWF
men=women Usually mild |
Von Willebrand Disease
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Widespread bleeding and clotting within vaculature
Organ failure due to thrombosis Begins with excessive thrombin formation |
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
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Metabolic complications that can occur after treatment of cancer
lymphomas, such as Burkitt's lymphoma, and leukemias, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). |
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
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