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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hemolysis
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breakdwon, destruction of blood
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hematologist
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specialist who studies blood
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Hematoma
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Bruise; tumor of blood
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sanguin/o
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red color of blood
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plasmapharesis
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spin whole blood to separate RBC from plasma
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Water
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makes up 90% of plasma
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Proteins
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-globin, -globulin make up 7% of plasma
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Albumin
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maintain proper water content, attracts water from tissue to blood
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Globulin
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contains antibodies; part of the immune system
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Fibrinogen
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helps with clotting
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Prothrombin
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helps with clotting
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Erythrocytes
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red blood cells; bi-concave disks that increase the surface area and allow better travel and last about 4 months
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Biconcave disk
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shape of RBC; good for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
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Hemoglobin
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enables RBC to carry oxygen
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Hyperbilirubinemia
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high levels of bilirubin in the blood
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Physiological Jaundice
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occurs more in newborns, yellow/tan skin complection from increase bilirubin in the blood
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Anemia (erythrocytopenia)
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10 percent reduction of RBC; fatigue, SOB, malaise
Iron deficiency Chronic Illness: cancer, GI disease, unknown bleed Trauma: loss of blood |
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Sick Cell Disease (hemolytic)
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1 gene= trait
2 genes= disease treatment: blood transfusion, oxygen treatment RBC tips breakoff and clump together Abnormal shape causes a decrease in oxygen carrying capacity |
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Thalassemia
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Genetic anemia disorder
mediterranean descent very little bi-concave section of RBC doesn't have the hemeglobin carrying capacity |
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Aplastic Anemia
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without development; most deadly anemia
no development of RBC could be the result of chemical exposure or antineoplastics idiopathic bone marrow stops producing RBC Treatment: blood transfusion, bone marrow transplant |
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Hemolytic anemia
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excessive RBC destruction; constantly breaking down; RBC have a short lifespan
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Pernicious Anemia
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immature large RBC; lack vitamin B12 absorption
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Polycythemia
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abnormal condition of too many RBC
Athletes use this to train at a higher elevation due to diarrhea or vomiting |
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Polycythemia vera
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thick, viscous blood due to increased number of RBC
causes an increase in clot risk idiopathic familial males older than 60 bone marrow is hyperplastic frequent blood donation schedule mylotoxic drugs to kill the bone marrow |
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Vera
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viscous
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Secondary polycythemia
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chronic heart and/or lung condition
makes more RBC to increase oxygen to the body |
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Hemocromatosis
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excessive deposits of iron throughout the body
hepatomeglia bronzy skin can lead to diabetes and heart failure males age 40 and up |
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Leukocytes (WBC)
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neutrophil
eosinophil basophil monocyte lymphocytes |
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Lymphocyte
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produced in lymph nodes and spleen
contains protein that deactivates viruses and bacteria responsible for organ rejection Produces antibodies in response of antigens |
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Decrease in lymphocytes
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Antineoplastic
CA lymph system (Hodgkin) Antirejection drugs Immunosuppression |
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Antineoplastic
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against new development
cancer treatment |
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Leukocytosis
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elevation of white blood cell numbers
leukemia infection pregnancy stress: acute stress |
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Leukemia
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can cause increased WBC (leukocytosis)
malignant condition where bone marrow is replaced with WBC so WBC's fill bone marrow and blood |
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Leukopenia
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deficiency of WBC
infection (viral) radiation antineoplastic immunosuppressants stress (long term) |
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Thrombocytes (Platelets)
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helps blood to clot; coagulation
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Thrombocytopenia
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deficiency of thrombocytes
diminished ability for blood to clot |
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Hemophilia
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lack blood clot factor 8 or 9
hereditary abnormal condition of uncontrollable bleeding |
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Blood Transfusions
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Secure
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Autologous
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donate your own blood to be used for surgery
ensures that the blood will be okay |
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Bone marrow biopsy (bx)
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bone marrow is taken from the iliac crest
used to treat: anemia, decreased RBC, leukemia and menigitis used to define a disorder |
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Bone marrow transplant
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rigorous for the donor
transplanted into patient via a chest catheter |
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Coagulation time
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amount of time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube
should be under 15 minutes |
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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
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WBC and RBC count per cubic mL
differential of different types platelet count hematocrit |
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Hematocrit (Hct)
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portion of RBC that makes up whole blood
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Hemoglobin (Hb or Hgb)
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amount of hemoglobin in peripheral blood
finger stick |
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Partial Thromboplastin Time
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clotting factor
used on patients who take daily aspirin or other blood thinners |
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Platelet Count
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number of platelets in whole blood
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Red blood cell count (RBC)
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looking at the number of circulating RBC in venous blood
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Red Blood Cell Morphology
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stain RBC and look at under a microscope
look at size, shape and maturity |
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White blood cell count (WBC)
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number of WBC circulating in venous blood
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WBC count differential (diff.)
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how many of each kind of WBC helpful with diagnosis
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Lymphocytosis
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abnormal condition of to many lymph cells
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lymphangiogram
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lymph vessels injected with dye to view
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lymphadenopathy
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disease of lymph glands
increased size |
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lymph nodes
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cervical: neck
axillary: armpit inguinal: groin mediastinal: high condensed? |
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Macrophages
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swallow foreign substances
made in lymph nodes |
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lymph organs
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spleen
thymus gland tonsils |
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spleen
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destroy old RBC
makes antibodies stores RBC found in the upper left quadrent |
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splenectomy
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removal of spleen
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thymus gland
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mediastynum, behind the sternum
produces T-cells |
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T-cells
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destroys antigens, produced in the thymus gland
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Tonsils
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lymphocytes
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Lymphoma
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tumor of lymph system
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Hodgkin Disease
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occurs in 16 to 35 year olds
cancer of the lymph system enlarged lymph nodes splenomegaly anorexia pruritus pyrexia leukocytosis chemo and radio therapy matastasis (50 percent chance of being cured if in remission) 60-90 percent cure rate |
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pruritus
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itchy body
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pyrexia
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fever, night sweats
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non-hodgkin lymphoma
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signs similar to hodgkins lymphoma but is diagnosed later in life
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mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr Virus EBV)
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acute condition
sore throat no activity lymphadenopathy asthenia hepatosplenomegaly |
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Asthenia
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without strength
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hepatosplenomegaly
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enlarged spleen and liver
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AIDS
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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
decreased T-cells a count below 200 is AIDS wasting syndrom |
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Associated conditions to AIDS
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Kaposi Sarcoma
Pneumocystis carinii Burkitt Lymphoma |
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Kaposi Sarcoma
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form of cancer
starts out with elevated bruises in the core moves out to the extremities secondary to AIDs |
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Pneumocystis carinii
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pnemonnae form that is a killer to AIDs patients
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ELISA test
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test to find HIV antibodies
many false positive tests |
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Western Blot Test
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test for a protein for AIDS
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Lymphadema
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the free flow of lymph fluid is blocked causing swelling and dystension
permanent swelling connective tissue loses flexibility increased risk of infection |
