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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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BLOOD TYPES
ABO SYSTEM |
BLOOD TYPES
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THE SELF-ANTIGENS DO NOT STIMULATE ANTIBODY FORMATION SINCE WE WERE BORN WITH THEM
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O BLOOD TYPE HAS ANTIBODY A AND ANTIBODY B
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0 BLOOD TYPE IS THE UNIVERSAL DONOR
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A INTO B--NO
B INTO A--NO A INTO AB--YES (CELLS) B INTO AB--YES (CELLS) NO O |
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AB IS THE UNIVERSAL RECEIPIENT
NO ANTIBODIES IN PLASMA |
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ANTIGEN
A SUBSTANCE THAT ACTIVATES THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TO MAKE CERTAIN RESPONSES INCLUDING PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES (MOST ARE FOREIGN PROTEINS, BUT WE HAVE SOME NATURAL SELF-ANTIGENS ON THE CELL MEMBRANES OF OUR RBC'S) |
ANTIGEN
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WE NAME OUR BLOOD TYPE ACCORDING TO THE SELF-ANTIGENS ON OUR RBC'S
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TYPE A BLOOD
HAS TYPE A BLOOD HAS A ANTIGEN |
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TYPE B BLOOD
HAS TYPE B BLOOD HAS B ANTIGEN |
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TYPE O BLOOD
TYPE O BLOOD HAS NEITHER A NOR B ANTIGENS |
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ANTIBODY
A SUBSTANCE MADE BY THE BODY IN RESPONSE TO STIMULATION BY AN ANTIGEN, AN ANTIBODY REACTS WITH THE ANTIGEN THAT STIMULATES ITS FORMULATION (AGGLUTINATION) |
ANTIBODY
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BUT!!, FOR SOME UNKNOWN REASON, WE HAVE ANTIBODIES NATURALLY PRESENT IN OUR PLASMA THAT ARE AGAINST THE SELF-ANTIGENS WE DON'T HAVE ON OUR RBC'S
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A BLOOD TYPE HAS ANTIBODY B
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B BLOOD TYPE HAS ANTIBODY B
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AB BLOOD TYPE HAS NO ANTIBODIES
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BLOOD TYPES
(TYPE A) HAS A ANTIGENS & ANTI-B ANTIBODIES |
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(TYPE B) B ANTIGENS AND ANTI-A ANTIBODIES
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(TYPE AB) A & B ANTIGENS, NEITHER ANTI-A, OR ANTI-B ANTIBODIES
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(TYPE O) NEITHER A OR B ANTIGENS, BOTH ANTI A AND ANTI B ANTIBODIES
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BLOOD CELLS
UNIVERSAL DONOR---TYPE O WHY? NO A NOR B ANTIGENS ON ITS RBC'S TO REACT WITH, ANTIBODIES IN THE PLASMA |
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UNIVERSAL RECEIPIENT--TYPE AB
WHY? NOT ANTIBODIES |
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BLOOD TYPES--RH SYSTEM
RH (POSITIVE) HAS ANTIGEN CALLED RH FACTOR ON RBC'S |
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RH (NEGATIVE) DOES NOT HAVE RH FACOTR ON RBC'S
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PLASMA (NEVER) NATURALLY HAS ANTI-RH ANTIBODIES
RH (NEGATIVE) WOULD HAVE TO BE STIMULATED TO PRODUCE ANTI-RH ANTIBODIES |
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NEGATIVE TO POSITIVE
POSITIVE NOT TO NEGATIVE |
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BILLY REUBEN
WASTE PRODUCT WHEN BLOOD CELLS ARE BROKEN DOWN BY LIVER AND SPLEEN |
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TYPE AB BLOOD
HAS TYPE AB BLOOD HAS A&B ANTIGENS |
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IMMUNE SYSTEM--FUNCTION:DEFENDS AGAINST SPECIFIC HARMFUL AGENTS
1.BACTERIA, VIRUSES 2. FOREIGN TISSUE (TRANSPLANTS) 3. OWN CELLS THAT ARE MALIGNANT 4. SOMETIMES MISTAKINGLY REACTS TO THE BODY ITSELF (AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES) |
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IMMUNE SYSTEM CONSISTS OF:
MOLECULES--ANTIBODIES & COMPLEMENT (BOTH ARE PROTEINS) 1. PHAGOCYTIC CELLS (NETROPHILS & MONOCYTES) 2. LYMPHOCYTES--T CELLS AND B CELLS (THEY PRODUCE ANTIBODIES) |
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HOW DO B-CELLS DEVELOP???
THEY DEVELOP INTO IMMATURE B-CELLS IN LIVER & BONE MARROW BEFORE BIRTH & IN BONE MARROW ONLY IN ADULTS, THEN THEY GO TO THE LYMPH NODES, LIVER & SPLEEN TO BECOME MATURE B CELLS |
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WHERE DO B-CELLS COME FROM ????
STEM CELLS FROM RED BONE MARROW |
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WHAT DO B-CELLS DO ???
WHEN B-CELLS ARE EXPOSED TO A FOREIGN ANTIGEN, B-CELLS ARE ACTIVATED AND FORM: PLASMA AND MEMORY CELLS |
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PLASMA CELLS (COME FROM B-CELLS)
THEY PRODUCE AND RELEASE ANTIBODIES FOR THE FOREIGN ANTIGEN |
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MEMORY CELLS (COME FROM B-CELLS)
REMEMBERS THE FOREIGN ANTIGEN AND RESPONSE WHEN ANTIGEN ENTERS THE BODY AGAIN--CHANGING INTO PLASMA CELLS AND PRODUCING AND RELEASING ANTIBODIES FOR THAT SAME ANTIGEN |
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WHERE DO T-CELLS COME FROM ???
STEM CELLS FROM RED BONE MARROW |
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HOW DO T-CELLS DEVELOP ???
THEY GO TO THE THYMUS GLAND , THEN TO THE SPLEEN AND LYMPH NODES |
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WHAT DO T-CELLS DO ???
WHEN T-CELLS COME IN CONTACT WITH A SPECIFIC ANTIGEN, THEY BECOME SENSITIZED TO THAT ANTIGEN. T-CELLS DESTROY THE ANTIGENS BY RELEASING A SUBSTANCE THAT POISONS THE ANTIGEN & RELEASES CHEMICALS THAT ATTRACT MACROPHAGES TO THE AREA |
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HOW ANTIBODIES MAKE ANTIBODIES HARMLESS...
ANTIBODIES BOND TO ANTIGENS CALLED ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEX THE ANTIGEN IS "LABELED" |
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4 WAYS ANTIBODIES MAKE ANTIGENS HARMLESS
1.NEUTRALIZATION-IF THE ANTIGEN IS A TOXIN, THE ANTIBODY COMBINES WITH IT 2. AGGLUTINATION-CLUMP OR STICK TOGETHER 3. PROMOTION & ENHANCEMENT OF PHAGOCYTOSIS 4.COMPLEMENT-A GROUP OF 14 PROTEINS ATTACH TO THE ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEX THEN ENZYMES ARE RELEASED AND A HOLE IS DRILLED INTO THE CELL MEMBRANE, ALLOWING NA + H20 TO RAPIDLY DIFFUSE INTO THE CELL..BURSTING IT..KABOOM |
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KINDS OF SPECIFIC IMMUNITY
INBORN & INHERITED IMMUNITY (DNA) ACQUIRED IMMUNITY NATURAL OR ARTIFICIAL ACTIVE OR PASSIVE |
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INBORN OR INHERERITED
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