Blood Circulatory System . Part 3 . Blood.

Front 1

Respiratory Pigments

Back 1

Organic compounds which combine with O2 when the partial pressure of O2 is high and release O2 when partial pressure is low.

Front 2

Haemo-cyanin

Back 2

Present in haemolymph

Arthropoads and Molluscs

Front 3

Chloro-cruorin

Back 3

Present in blood of many annelids

Front 4

Haemo-erythrin

Back 4

Present in blood of marine invertebrates

and some annelids

Front 5

Myoglobin

Back 5

Present in vertebrate muscles

Has a oxygen storage function

All except this, transport O2 from repiratory surfaces to tissues and organs while taking CO2 the opposite way to eliminate it.

Front 6

Haemoglobin

Back 6

Present in human blood

other vertebrates ,

annelids

Front 7

Transport of O2

Back 7

Front 8

Transport of CO2

Back 8

Front 9

Blood intro

Back 9

Blood is a connective tissue made up of cells and plasma.

Cellular componants; 1) RBC

2) WBC 3) Platelets

They are made in the bone marrow of bones in sternum , vertebrae, pelvis and ribs.

ribs.

ribs.

Front 10

Blood ph

Back 10

7.4

Front 11

Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)

Back 11

*)Erythro-poietin hormone from kidney stimulate generation of RBC in bone marrow

No Nuclei in maturity

No mitochondrea. Anaerobic respiration. Increased transport efficiency.

120 days life span

4-6M cells in 1 microliter (can differ with gender and health)

Major function; to transport O2 (also transports CO2 )

Front 12

Leukocytes types

Back 12

1) Basinophils

2)Lymphocytes

3)Eosinophils

4) Neutrophils

5)Monocytes

Front 13

Leukocytes function

Back 13

1)Body defense

*) Develop in to T and B cells that help increase in immune response against foreign substance

2) Phagocytic function

3)Digesting Micro organisms

Front 14

Platelets

Back 14

1)Does not have a nucleus .

2)Derived from bone marrow cells.

3)Play a large role in blood clotting.

Front 15

When a tissue is damaged, a blood clot is formed. Why?

Back 15

1) To prevent furthur blood loss.

2) Blocks entry of pathogens

In general , blood of undamaged tissues do not clot.

Front 16

How do platelets know where to aggregate and form a plug?

Back 16

When the blood vessel is broken , platelts are exposed to the connective tissues, outside.

Hence platelets adhere to collagen and release substances make them stick to each other .

A platelt plug gives instant protection against blood loss.

Front 17

Plasma Contents

Back 17

A) Inorganic ions in dissoved form -

1)Buffer

2)Maintenance of osmotic balance in blood

B)Plasma proteins

1)Albumin- buffers blood

2) Antibodies- Involved in defense

3)Fibrinogen - Involves in clotting

C) Nutrients

D) Metabolic wastes

E) Respiratory gasses

F) Hormones

Front 18

Serum

Back 18

Plasma without the clotting factors

Front 19

Functions of blood

Back 19

1) Transport of O2 to organs and removal of CO2 from organs and tissues

2) Transport of soluble excreatory materiel to the extreatory organs .

3) Transport of hormones from glands to target organs

4) Defense against foreign inversions

5) Aids in osmoregulation

6) Transport of nutrients

Front 20

How does fibrinogen knows where to break off?

Back 20

*)Platelets form clotting factors. *)They trigger formation of thrombin .

Front 21

Thrombin

Back 21

fibrinogen ------->> fibrin thrombinThe activated thrombin is also involved in formation of more thrombin to convert more fibrinogen and form the blood clot faster.

Front 22

How does fibrin help?

Back 22

Fibrin aggregates into threads that form in a protein mesh network around the clot . Which makes it stronger .

Front 23

Heparin

Back 23

#) Anti-coagulant

#) Prevents pro-thrombin from converting to thrombin

Front 24

Clotting does not take place in undamaged tissues. Why?

Back 24

₩) Lining is smooth and does not support platelet aggregation.

₩) Presence of anticoagulants such as Heparin.