Blood

Front 1

Blood is the only?

Back 1

Fluid tissue in the body

Front 2

What type of tissue is blood?

Back 2

Connective tissue

Front 3

Average adult has around how many liters of blood?

Back 3

5 L

Front 4

Is blood thicker than water?

Back 4

Yes about five times thicker than water (viscosity)

Front 5

What vital substances does blood transport ?

Back 5

Blood distributes heat and transports nutrients, gases, etc.

Front 6

What three parts is a whole blood made up of?

Back 6

Plasma, RBCs, WBCs

Front 7

Plasma consist of?

Back 7

Water, proteins, urea, Uric acid, electrolytes, O2, CO2, nutrients like glucose and cholesterol, hormones

Front 8

% RBCs in sample of whole blood is the?

Back 8

Hematocrit

Front 9

What is he Hematopoiesis?

Back 9

The production of formed elements RBCs, wbc’s, and platelets

Where? Red bone marrow especially in flat bones like sternum cranial cap, ilium, head of the femur and humerus.

How? Or blood cells come from Hematopoietic stem cells

Front 10

Stem cells can?

Back 10

. Give rise to more stem cells.

.Give rise to more specialized or differentiated cells in response to Hematopoietic growth factors.

. Lymphoid stem cells

. Myeloid stem cells

Front 11

Lymphoid stem cells give rise to?

Back 11

Lymphocytes

Front 12

MyEloid stem cells give rise to?

Back 12

all other types of formed elements red blood cells, other types of white blood cells and platelets

Front 13

Erythrocytes are?

Back 13

RBC’s

Front 14

No nucleus or organelles in mature?

Back 14

RBC’s

Front 15

Can RBCs divide?

Back 15

No

Front 16

RBCs are filled with?

Back 16

Hemoglobin to carry O2 and CO2

Front 17

Erythropoieses occurs where?

Back 17

In red bone marrow

Front 18

What is ERYHTROPOIESIS?

Back 18

Rbc formation

Front 19

Average lifetime for RBCs?

Back 19

120 days

Front 20

Average lifetime for RBCs?

Back 20

120 days

Front 21

Low blood 02 calls his kidneys and liver to release the EPO (erythropoietin) which stimulates RBC production what other things can Stimulate EPO release?

Back 21

Heavy bleeding, Hi altitude, iron deficiency, intense exercise.

Front 22

What is anemia?

Back 22

Condition in which the O2 carrying capacity of the blood is reduced, due to deficiency of RBCs or hemoglobin.

Front 23

What is blood doping?

Back 23

. Drawing out RBCs then reinjecting before major athletic event.

. Increases hematocrit to about 60%

.Increases O2 caring capacity.

over a 25% increase in O2 carried/100 ML’s

. Enhances endurance and speed

Front 24

Excessive RBC distraction means?

Back 24

Bilirubin accumulates in blood =Jaundice

Front 25

What is leukocytes function?

Back 25

Kills, immobilizes, or removes pathogen‘s.

Front 26

What is leukocytes function?

Back 26

Kills, immobilizes, or removes pathogen‘s.

Front 27

Our leukocytes considered True cells?

Back 27

Yes. (only true cell)

Front 28

What is leukocytes function?

Back 28

Kills, immobilizes, or removes pathogen‘s.

Front 29

Our leukocytes considered True cells?

Back 29

Yes. (only true cell)

Front 30

Where do leukocytesPerform their work?

Back 30

Outside of blood vessels.

...Diapedesis -WBC’s slip out a blood vessel’s.

...Positive Chemotaxis follow chemical trail left by other wbc’s or damaged cells.

Front 31

Classification of the five leukocytes

Back 31

Granulocytes:Have granules filled with hydrolytic enzymes or anti-microbial proteins in cytoplasm

. Neutrophil

. Eosinophils

. Basophils

Agranulocytes: no granules in cytoplasm.

. Monocytes

. Lymphocytes(T & B)

Hint 31

Never let monkeys eat bananas

Front 32

Neutrophils

Back 32

Small, light purple granules

First to arrive at infection site

Strong phagocytes

Elevated in bacterial infections

Front 33

Eosinophils

Back 33

Course granules deep red and acid stain

Moderate allergic reaction

Defend against parasitic worm infestation

Elevated in parasitic worm infestation and allergic reactions

Front 34

Basophils

Back 34

Large granules stain deep blue in basic stain

Granular’s can obscure the view of nucleus

Release histamine to stimulate inflammation

Release heparin to stop blood from clotting

Similar to Eosinophils in size and shape of nuclei

Front 35

Monocytes

Back 35

Largest of the WBCs

Agranulocyte

Leave bloodstream to become macrophages

Live for weeks to months

Front 36

Lymphocytes

Back 36

Slightly larger than RBCs smallest wbc

Surrounded by thin rim of cytoplasm A granulocytes

T cells and B cells are major types of both important in immunity

T cells directly attack pathogen‘s, tumor cells

B cells produce anti-bodies

May live for years

Front 37

Functions of WBCs

Back 37

Phagocytosis – engulfing and digestion of pathogen’s neutrophils and monocytes are most mobile and active phagocytes.

Inflammatory response – reaction that restricts spread of infection promoted by basophils by secretion of heparin and histamine, involves swelling and increased capillary permeability

Front 38

Platelets (thrombocytes)

Back 38

Help in hemostasis in damage blood cells by sticking to broken services.(stoppage of bleeding)

Release serotonin, which causes smooth muscle in walls of broken blood vessel‘s to contract(this reduces blood flow)

Front 39

Plasma

Back 39

Blood plasma

Clear, straw-colored

Liquid portion of blood

55% of blood volume

92% water contains organic and inorganic chemicals

Transports nutrients, gases, hormones and vitamins

Helps regulate fluid and electrolyte balance and maintain pH

Front 40

Most important blood gases are?

Back 40

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Front 41

Plasma nutrients are?

Back 41

Amino acids

Simple sugars

Nucleotides

Lipids– Fats(triglycerides), phospholipids, cholesterol

Front 42

Electrolytes found in blood plasma?

Back 42

Sodium

Potassium

Calcium

Magnesium

Chloride

Bicarb

Phosphate

Sulfate

.Sodium and chloride or most abundant electrolytes

Front 43

Plasma electrolytes contain a

Back 43

.Variety of ions calledElectrolytes, since they ionize in water, and can conduct electricity that have a charge.

.They are absorbed from the intestines or released as byproducts of Cellular metabolism

Front 44

What is hemostasis?

Back 44

The stopping of bleeding at the blood vessel.

Front 45

What are the three major processes that occur in hemostasis in the correct order?

Back 45

1. Vascular spasm Dash smooth muscle contraction causing vasoconstriction slows blood loss/allows time for steps two and three

2. Platelet plug formation

3.Blood coagulation

*Hemostasis is controlled by positive feedback

Front 46

Front (Term)

Back 46

Back (Definition)

Front 47

Fate of blood clots?

Back 47

Back (Definition)

Front 48

Thrombosis

Back 48

Blood clot in a vessel supplying a vital organ (heart or brain)

Front 49

Infarction

Back 49

Death of tissues that have blocked blood vessels due to blood clot formation

Front 50

Embolism

Back 50

Blood clot that travels, and then blocks a blood vessel in in Organ (such as pulmonary embolism in lungs)

Front 51

Atherosclerosis

Back 51

Accumulation of fat in arterial linings can sometimes cause abnormal clot formation, a common form of thrombosis

Front 52

For blood types

Type A,B,O, or AB

Back 52

RBCs have antigens (ID tags)on their cell

Either A or B antigens or both

This determines your blood type

Front 53

Antigen ID tags

Back 53

Any molecule that evokes and immune response.

If immune system finds a foreign antigens in the body, it produces anti-bodies against the antigen

Front 54

Anti-bodies

Back 54

Proteins that react against a specific antigen.

In an incompatible blood transfusion, donor red blood cells RBCs evoke and immune response in the recipient, and anti-bodies in the recipients plasma agglutinate the donorsRBCs

Front 55

Agglutination

Back 55

Clumping of RBCs, which occurs when an anti-body in recipients plasma encounters its specific antigen on donors RBCs

Front 56

Nothing

Back 56

Nothing