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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
At what BP does cardiovascular risk begin?
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115/75 and doubles with every 20/10.
Systolic more important than DBP |
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Hydrochlorothiazide
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Diuretic of choice in normal renal function
Once daily dosage and flat dose response curve. |
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Furosemide (Lasix)
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Loop diuretic
Effective when CrCL < 30ml/min. Need multiple doses a day. Not as effective as thiazides |
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What are the K+ sparing diuretics?
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Spironolactone, amiloride, triamterene.
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Use of K+ sparing diuretics?
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Adjunct to other diaretics to conserve K+ (often with HCTZ)
-risk of hyperkalemia Weak diuresis. |
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Adverse effects of Thiazides and Loop Diuretics?
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Serum reduction in K+, Mg+, and Na+.
Hypovolemia (esp. w/ loop) Hyperuricemia (gout caution) |
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Triamterene
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Block Na+ channel to inhibit Na+ reabsorption in late distal convoluted and collecting ducts.
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Non-cardiac B-Blockers (1st generation)
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Nadolol
PROPORANOLOL Timolol |
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Cardio selective B-Blockers (2nd generation)
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ATENOLOL
Betaxolol Bisoprolol METOPROLOL |
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Non-selective B-Blockers with vasodilation properties (a1).
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CARVEDILOL
LABETALOL |
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Cardioselective B-Blocker with intrinsice sympathomimetic activity?
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Acebutolol
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B1 receptor activates?
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Increases HR, Contractility, Conduction velocity, automaticity.
Increases Renin secretion from Kidney. |
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B-Blocker initial therapy?
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Should be limited to those with CHD, MI, CHF, and certain arrhythmias.
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A1 blockers
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DOXAZOSIN
Prazosin Terazosin Reduce ateriolar resistance and increase venous capacitance. Risk of 1st dose hypotension May be less effective than other therapies so only used in Raynaud's disease and BPH. |
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A2 Blockers (Centrally Acting)
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CLONIDINE
Guanabenz Guanfacine METHYLDOPA Decreases sympathetic outflow which leads to reduction in catecholamine release. |
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What is Reserpine?
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Peripheral Neuronal reuptake inhibitor of NE, dopamine, serotonin. Which leads to depletion of stores and decrease in PVR, HR, and contractility.
NOT USED. |
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Direct Vasodilators?
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Hydralazine
-MAY CAUSE REVERSIBLE SLE -Use with diuretic to prevent fluid and Na+ retention. Minoxidil -Opens K channels in vascular smooth muscle- decreased PVR. Used in severe hypertension and renal failure. Use with Diuretic. Causes HIRSUTISM (Rogain) |
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Reflex Tachycardia is seem upon administration of what drug?
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Dihydropyridines
-Amlodipine -Nifedipine Pedal edema, hypotension can also be seen with DHP. |
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Angioedema can occur with what medications?
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ACEI .1-.5% due to accumulation of kinins and vasodilation (Big Lip picture from Clarens' lecture.
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ACE inhibitors in pregnancy?
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Injury and fetal death if used in 2 or 3rd trimesters.
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Angiotension II has greater effect on which renal arteriole
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Efferent. Afferent is effected more by NE.
This is why serum Cr is increased on a ACEI or ARB. |
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What two drugs can cause SLE
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Procainamide and hydralizine.
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Flecainide and Propafenone are what class of antiarrhythmics
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IC
Remember that Propafenone also has b-blocker effects. |
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Class II antiarrhythmics are indicated for what to disorders leading to arrhythmias?
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Pheochromocytosis
Thyrotoxicosis. |
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FDA indication for Amiodarone?
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Life-threatening V-tachyarrythmias.
Can also be used to prevent reoccurance of superventricular tachy and is safe in patients with HF. |