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25 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
At what BP does cardiovascular risk begin?
115/75 and doubles with every 20/10.

Systolic more important than DBP
Hydrochlorothiazide
Diuretic of choice in normal renal function

Once daily dosage and flat dose response curve.
Furosemide (Lasix)
Loop diuretic

Effective when CrCL < 30ml/min.

Need multiple doses a day.

Not as effective as thiazides
What are the K+ sparing diuretics?
Spironolactone, amiloride, triamterene.
Use of K+ sparing diuretics?
Adjunct to other diaretics to conserve K+ (often with HCTZ)
-risk of hyperkalemia

Weak diuresis.
Adverse effects of Thiazides and Loop Diuretics?
Serum reduction in K+, Mg+, and Na+.

Hypovolemia (esp. w/ loop)

Hyperuricemia (gout caution)
Triamterene
Block Na+ channel to inhibit Na+ reabsorption in late distal convoluted and collecting ducts.
Non-cardiac B-Blockers (1st generation)
Nadolol
PROPORANOLOL
Timolol
Cardio selective B-Blockers (2nd generation)
ATENOLOL
Betaxolol
Bisoprolol
METOPROLOL
Non-selective B-Blockers with vasodilation properties (a1).
CARVEDILOL
LABETALOL
Cardioselective B-Blocker with intrinsice sympathomimetic activity?
Acebutolol
B1 receptor activates?
Increases HR, Contractility, Conduction velocity, automaticity.

Increases Renin secretion from Kidney.
B-Blocker initial therapy?
Should be limited to those with CHD, MI, CHF, and certain arrhythmias.
A1 blockers
DOXAZOSIN

Prazosin
Terazosin

Reduce ateriolar resistance and increase venous capacitance.

Risk of 1st dose hypotension

May be less effective than other therapies so only used in Raynaud's disease and BPH.
A2 Blockers (Centrally Acting)
CLONIDINE
Guanabenz
Guanfacine
METHYLDOPA

Decreases sympathetic outflow which leads to reduction in catecholamine release.
What is Reserpine?
Peripheral Neuronal reuptake inhibitor of NE, dopamine, serotonin. Which leads to depletion of stores and decrease in PVR, HR, and contractility.

NOT USED.
Direct Vasodilators?
Hydralazine
-MAY CAUSE REVERSIBLE SLE
-Use with diuretic to prevent fluid and Na+ retention.

Minoxidil
-Opens K channels in vascular smooth muscle- decreased PVR.
Used in severe hypertension and renal failure.
Use with Diuretic.
Causes HIRSUTISM (Rogain)
Reflex Tachycardia is seem upon administration of what drug?
Dihydropyridines
-Amlodipine
-Nifedipine

Pedal edema, hypotension can also be seen with DHP.
Angioedema can occur with what medications?
ACEI .1-.5% due to accumulation of kinins and vasodilation (Big Lip picture from Clarens' lecture.
ACE inhibitors in pregnancy?
Injury and fetal death if used in 2 or 3rd trimesters.
Angiotension II has greater effect on which renal arteriole
Efferent. Afferent is effected more by NE.

This is why serum Cr is increased on a ACEI or ARB.
What two drugs can cause SLE
Procainamide and hydralizine.
Flecainide and Propafenone are what class of antiarrhythmics
IC

Remember that Propafenone also has b-blocker effects.
Class II antiarrhythmics are indicated for what to disorders leading to arrhythmias?
Pheochromocytosis

Thyrotoxicosis.
FDA indication for Amiodarone?
Life-threatening V-tachyarrythmias.

Can also be used to prevent reoccurance of superventricular tachy and is safe in patients with HF.