Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The cranium consist of how many bones?
|
Eight 8
|
|
|
The skull consist of how many facial bones?
|
Fourteen 14
|
|
|
The human body consist of how many sinuses?
|
Eight 8, 4 sets of 2.
|
|
|
Infants have 6 incomplete ossisication centers called?
|
Fontanels
|
|
|
The posterior and the sphenodial
fontanels close at the ____ and ____ months. |
First and Third
|
|
|
The anterior and mastoid fontanels close during the ___ year,
|
Second
|
|
|
The cranium developes rapidly for the first ___ to ____ years, and then gradually until age __.
|
Five to Six
Twelve |
|
|
The Orbitalmeatal Line (OML) extends from ___ to ___.
|
The Outer Cantus to the EAM
|
|
|
The Infraorbitalmeatal Line (IOML) extends from ___ to ____.
|
The Infraorbital Margin of the eye to the EAM
|
|
|
The Glabellomeatal line extends from ____ to ____.
|
The Glabella to the EAM
|
|
|
Tha Acanthomeatal line extends from ____ to ____.
|
The Acanthion to the EAM
|
|
|
Define Glabella:
|
A smooth articulation between the Supercilliary Arches
|
|
|
Define Nasion:
|
Midpoint of the Frontal Nasal Suture
|
|
|
Define Acanthion:
|
Midpoint of the Maxillary, located at the Anterior Nasal Spine
|
|
|
Where is the gonion located?
|
At the Mandibular angle
|
|
|
The bones of the cranial vault are composed of two plates of compact tissue separated by an inner layer of spongy tissue called ____.
|
Dipole
|
|
|
The ____ suture is located between the frontal and parietal bones.
|
Coronal
|
|
|
The ____ suture is located between the parietal bones, just behind the coronal suture.
|
Mid-Sagittal
|
|
|
The ____ suture is located between the occipital and parietal bones.
|
Lambdoital
|
|
|
The ____ suture is located between the temporal and parietal bones.
|
Squamosal
|
|
|
The Bregma is located at the junction of:
|
The Coronal and Saggital sutures
|
|
|
The Lambda is located at the junction of:
|
The Lambdoital and Sagittal sutures
|
|
|
What is the average cranial measurement?
|
6 inches side to side
7 inches front to back 9 inches deep vertex to base |
|
|
What is the term for the average skull type?
|
Mesocephalic
|
|
|
What is the term for a skull which is:
Broad from side to side Short from front to back shallow from vertex to base |
Brachycephalic
|
|
|
What is the term for a skull which is?
Narrow from side to side Long from front to back |
Dolichocephalic
|
|
|
In a mesocephalic type skull, the petrous portions form a ___ degree angle with the mid-plane of the skull.
|
47 degree
|
|
|
In a brachycephalic type skull, the petrous portions form a ___ degree angle with the mid-plane of the skull.
|
54 degree
|
|
|
In a dolichocephalic type skull, the petrous portions form a ___ degree angle with the mid-plane of the skull.
|
40 degree
|
|
|
What are the 8 cranial bones of the skull?
|
1 Frontal
1 Ethmoid 1 Sphenoid 1 Occipital 2 Parietal 2 Temporal |
|
|
Frontal Bone:
Two portions, plates, or squama consist of what 2 portions of the frontal bone? |
Vertical - form the forehead and interior portion of the vault
Horizontal - forms the orbital plates, part of the roof of the nasal cavity, and the greater part of the anterior greater fossa |
|
|
What are the structures of the frontal bone?
|
Two Frontal Eminence
A Glabella An Ethmoid Notch Two Sutures |
|
|
What id the function of the ethmoid notch?
|
Receives the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
|
|
|
The ethmoid bone is a ____ shaped bone.
|
Cube
|
|
|
What are the 3 portions of the ethmoid bone?
|
Horizontal (Cribiform Plate)
Vertical (Perpendicular Plate) Labyrinths (Lateral Masses) |
|
|
The ___ portion of the ethmoid bone contains:
Many small perforations for the transmission of the ol factory nerves. The crista galli. |
Horizontal (Cribiform Plate)
|
|
|
What is the function of the crista galli?
|
Serves as an attachment point for the brain, projects most superiorly of the nasal septum
|
|
|
The ___ portion of the ethmoid bone, in conjunction with the nasal spine, forms the superior potion of the bony septum of the nose.
|
Vertical (Perpendicular Plate)
|
|
|
What do the labyrinths (lateral masses) of the ethmoid bone house?
|
The ethmoid air cells
|
|
|
The ethmoid sinuses, which is a collective name for the ethmoid air cells, are divided into which 3 groups?
|
Anterior, Middle, and Posterior
|
|
|
The parietal bone is ___ in shape.
|
Square
|
|
|
The parietal bone is concave ____ and convex ____.
|
Interiorly concave
Externally convex |
|
|
What is the prominent bulge on the parietal bone which forms the widest portion of the skull from side to side?
|
Parietal Eminence
|
|
|
The parietal bone, with the greater wing of the sphenoid and the temporal bone, form what 3 sutures?
|
Sphenoid Parietal
Parietal Mastoidal Squamosal |
|
|
How is the Sphenoid bone shaped?
|
Irregular wedge shaped bone, situated at the base of the cranium body
|
|
|
What are the 4 structures of the sphenoid bone?
|
Sella Turcica
Lesser Wing Greater Wing Pterygoid Processes |
|
|
What is the purpose of the sella turcica?
|
Houses the pituitary gland
|
|
|
what is the posterior and anterior portions of the sella turcica?
|
Posterior - Dorsum Sellae
Anterior - Tuberulum Sale |
|
|
The lesser wing, which arise from the body, form the ___ portion of the orbits.
|
Posterior
|
|
|
What combined sphenoid structures bears the clinoid processes (CP)?
|
Posterior CP - Dorsum Sellae
Anterior CP - Lesser wing |
|
|
The greater wing of the sphenoid bone form the ___ walls of the orbits.
|
Lateral
|
|
|
The greater wing of the sphenoid bone houses what 3 foramina for the transmission of nerves and blood vessels?
|
Rotundum
Ovale Spinosum |
|
|
Which foramina of the greater wing are considered the most anterior, largest, and smallest.
|
Rotundum - most anterior
Ovale - Largest Spinosum - smallest |
|
|
Which process of the sphenoid bone project inferiorly and laterally to articulate with the palatine bones and the vomer?
|
Pterygoid Processes
|
|
|
Each pterygoid process consist of a ___ and ___ plate.
|
Medial and Lateral
|
|
|
The occipital bone allows passage for what?
|
The Medulla Oblongata
|
|
|
What is the function of the Medulla Oblongata?
|
It controls autonomic functions and relays nerve signals between the brain and spinal cord.
|
|
|
What is the name of the prominent process on the external surface of the occipital bone?
|
External Occipital Protuberance
or - Inion |
|
|
What is the function of the jugular foramen?
|
It allows blood to drain from the brain via the internal jugular vein - allowing 3 cranial nerves to pass through
|
|
|
The temporal bone is ____ shaped.
|
Irregular
|
|
|
What are the 6 structures / portions of the temporal bone?
|
1 - Zygomatic Process
2 - Mandibula Fossa 3 - EAM 4 - Styloid Process 5 - Mastoid Process 6 - Petrous Portion |
|
|
The zygomatic process of the temporal bone articulates with what facial bone to form the zygomatic arch?
|
Zygomatic Bone
|
|
|
The mandibular fossa of the temporal bone articulates with the condyle of the mandible to form what?
|
The TMJ
Temporal Mandibular Joint |
|
|
The EAM stands for what?
|
External Acoustic Meatus
|
|
|
The petrous portion of the temporal bone, which is the most dense portion of the cranium, houses what?
|
The organs of hearing and balance
|
|
|
Is the mastiod region of the temporal bone the most dense or least dense bone in the cranium?
|
the least dense
|
|
|
Mastoids vary in size dependent on what?
|
Pneumatization
|
|
|
What is the first mastoid air cell to develop and communicate with the tympanic cavity?
|
The Mastoid Antrum (Tympanic Antrum).
|
|
|
The mastoid or tympanic antrum are the largest in size. The rest of the cells develop around it, and development of the mastoid antrum occurs until when?
|
Puberty
|
|
|
The petrous portions of the temporal bone are conical/pyramidal in shape. The upper border of the petrous portion is commonly called the petrous ridge. The long axis forms a ____ degree angle from the midsagittal plane.
|
A 45 degree angle
|
|
|
The petrous portion is also known as:
|
Petrous Pyramids
Pars Petrosa |
|
|
What are the 14 bones facial bones?
|
1 Vomer
1 Mandible 2 Maxillary Bones 2 Nasal Bones 2 Lacrimal Bones 2 Zygomatic Bones 2 Palatine Bones 2 Inferior Nasal Conchae |
|
|
The nasal bones which form the bridgeThe nas of the nose, articulate
Medially: Posteriorly and inferiorly: Superiorly: Laterally: |
Medially - with each other
Posteriorly and Inferioly - with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid Superiorly - with the frontal bone Laterally - with maxillae |
|
|
Which bones are the smallest bones of the skull?
|
The Lacrimal bones.
|
|
|
The lacrimal bones for the lacrimal fossae, which accommodates what?
|
The Lacrimal Sacs
|
|
|
The maxillary bone plural is?
|
Maxillae
|
|
|
The maxillary bone is the ____ immoveable bone in the face.
|
Largest
|
|
|
The maxillary forms ____ of the anterior roof of the mouth.
|
3/4
|
|
|
The maxillary house the maxillary sinuses, otherwise known as:
|
Antra of Highmore
|
|
|
What sinuses are well developed at birth and can be demonstrated
radiographically? |
Maxillary or Antra of Highmore
|
|
|
What facial bone forms the anterior nasal spine, which serves as an attachment point for the vomer?
|
The Maxillary
|
|
|
What does the maxillary contains
which supports the roots of the teeth? |
Alveolar Processes
|
|
|
The zygomatic bone is also known as what?
|
Malar Bones
|
|
|
The zygomztic bone form the ____ portion of the zygomatic arch.
|
Anterior
|
|
|
The palatine bones form the posterior ____ of the roof of the mouth
|
1/4
|
|
|
The palatine articulates with the pteragoid process of the sphenoid. The non union of these cause a condition known as:
|
Cleft Pallet
|
|
|
The Inferior Nasal Conchae articulate with which bones?
|
The ethmoid and the lacrimal bones
|
|
|
What does the vomer articulates with?
|
The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
|
|
|
What forms the lower portion of the nasal septum?
|
The vomer
|
|
|
Which is the largest and most dense facial bone?
|
The Mandible
|
|
|
The mandible is a curved piece of bone held together by a fibrous symphysis also known as:
|
Mental Point
Mental Protuberance Mental symphysis |
|
|
What does the Mandible contains
which accomodate the teeth? |
Alveolar process
|
|
|
The mandible contains two small
foramina known as ____, which allow the passage of nerves and vasculature. |
Mental Foramen
|
|
|
The mandibular angle is also known as what?
|
Gonion
|
|
|
What is the vertical portion which extends away from the body of the mandible?
|
Rami
|
|
|
Each ramus of the mandible contain 2 processes. What are they?
|
Coronoid (anterior) - Projects higher than the condyle
Condyle (Posterior) - Articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone |
|
|
What is located between the two processes of the rami of the mandible?
|
Mandibular Notch
|
|
|
The orbits are cone shaped, bony walled cavities made up of how many bones?
|
7 Seven
|
|
|
What bones are the orbits made of?
|
3 Cranial - Frontal, Ethmoid, and Sphenoid
4 Facial - Zygomatic, Maxillary, Lacrimal, and Palatines |
|
|
The optic nerve enters a passageway called what?
|
Optic Foramen
|
|
|
What is the apex of the orbit?
|
The Optic Foramen
|
|
|
Pertaining to the orbits, the long axis, transgresses posteriorly and medially
____ degrees from the midsagittal plane, and ____ degrees superiorly from the OML. |
37 and 30
|
|
|
Fractures of the orbits are called what?
|
Blow-Out
|
|
|
The orbits are made of what 7 bones?
|
1-Frontal
2-Sphenoid 3-Ethmoid 4-Lacrimal 5-Zygomatic 6-Palatine 7-Maxillary |
|
|
What are the openings that the orbits contain?
|
1-Superior Orbital Fissure
2-Inferior Orbital Fissure 3-Optic Foramen of the Sphenoid |
|
|
Sinuses are air containing cavities situated in 3 cranial bones and 1 facial bone collectively called what?
|
Paranasal
|
|
|
What sinuses are well developed at birth?
|
Maxillary
|
|
|
Which sinuses develop at 17 - 18 years of age?
|
Frontal, Sphenoid, and Ethmoid
|
|
|
The frontal sinuses are paired and ____ in shape.
|
Pyramid
|
|
|
The frontal sinuses are located between where on the frontal bone?
|
Between the tables of the squama
|
|
|
The second largest sinuses are what?
|
The Frontal Sinuses
|
|
|
What is the only sinus group not paired?
|
The Ethmoid Sinus
|
|
|
The ethmoid sinus into what 3 groups?
|
Anterior
Middle Posterior |
|
|
Collectively the ethmoid sinuses contain ___ to ___ cells or more.
|
4 - 14
|
|
|
The sphenoid sinuses are located where?
|
behind the body of the sphenoid, immediately below the sella turcica
|
|
|
What is the largest of all sinuses?
|
The Maxillary, or Antra of highmore
|
|
|
Where are the maxillary (antra of highmore) sinuses located?
|
Above the alveolar process of the maxillary
|
|
|
The maxillary sinuses are paired and pyramid in shape, containing how many walls?
|
3 Three Walls
|
