Block Iii- Temporal And Infratemporal Regions

Front 1

What are the boundaries of the temporal fossa?

Back 1

Superior temporal line, which extends from the zygomatic process of the frontal bone to the posterior aspect of the zygomatic arch

Contains the temporalis muscle, deep temporal artery and nerve and the auriculotemporal and zygomaticotemporal nerves

Front 2

What is the pterion?

Back 2

About 4cm above the midpoint of the malar bone, where the greater wing of the sphenoid meets the anterior inferior angle of the parietal bone

Beneath lies the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery

Front 3

What are the contents of the temporal fossa?

Back 3

Contains the temporalis muscle, deep temporal artery and nerve, and the auriculotemporal and zygomaticotemporal nerves

Front 4

What are the boundaries of the infratemporal fossa?

Back 4

Bounded superiorly by the surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid

Medially- lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid

Laterally- ramus and coronoid process of the mandible

Front 5

How does the infratemporal fossa communicate with the orbit? Withe the pteyrgopalatine fossa?

Back 5

Communicates with the orbit via the inferior orbital fissure and with the pterygopalatine fossa via the pterygopalatine fissure/foramen

Front 6

What is the TMJ?

Back 6

Temporomandibular joint

Front 7

Name the ligaments associated with the TMJ

Back 7

Temporomandibular ligament

Sphenomandibular ligament

Stylomandibular ligament

Front 8

What is the function of the temporomandibular ligament?

Back 8

Reinforces the TMJ alterally. Strong, covered by the parotid gland. Prevents excessive movement in the posterior direction protecting the external auditory meatus

Front 9

What is the function of the sphenomandibular ligament?

Back 9

Flat, thin band from the spine of the sphenoid to the lingula of the mandibule

Lies on the medial side of the TMJ

Derivative of the first pharyngeal arch

Front 10

What is the function of the stylomandibular ligament?

Back 10

Extends from the styloid process to the ramus of the mandible, just above the angle

Separates the parotid from the submandibular gland. Thickened band of deep cervical fascia

Front 11

What separates the parotid and the submandibular glands?

Back 11

Stylomandibular ligament

Front 12

Which muscles are the muscles of mastication?

Back 12

Temporalis

Masseter

Medial pterygoid

Lateral pterygoid

Front 13

What innervates the muscles of mastication?

Back 13

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3)

Front 14

What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation of the temporalis muscle?

Back 14

O: From the floor of the temporal fossa

I: Into the coronoid process and anterior border of the ramus

Fx: Elevates and retracts the mandible

Innervation: Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3)

Front 15

What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation of the masseter muscle?

Back 15

O: Superficial and deep head from the inferior surface of the zygomatic arch

I: Medial surface of the mandible near its angle

Fx: Elevates the mandible

Innervation: Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3)

Front 16

What superficially crosses the masseter muscle?

Back 16

The masseter muscle is superficially crossed by the transverse facial artery, parotid duct, and buccal branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)

Front 17

What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

Back 17

O: Upper head, arises from the infratemporal surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid

Lower head: lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

I: Attaches to the neck of the mandible and the articular disc

Fx: Protracts and depresses the mandible; deviates the mandible to the contralateral side with concommitant action of the medial pterygoid producing a grinding movement

Innervation: Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3)

Front 18

What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation of the medial pterygoid?

Back 18

O: Superficial head, arises from the tuberosity of the maxilla.

Deep head, arises fromt he medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

I: Attaches to the medial surface of the angle of the mandible

Fx: Protracts and elevates the mandible

Innervation: Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3)

Front 19

Which muscles are involved in elevation of the mandible (close mouth)?

Back 19

Temporal, masseter, and medial pterygoid

Front 20

Which muscles are involved in depression of the mandible (open mouth)?

Back 20

Lateral pterygoid and suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

Front 21

Which muscles are involved in the protrusion of the mandible (protrusion of chin)?

Back 21

Lateral pterygoid, masseter, and medial pterygoid

Front 22

Which muscles are involved in the retrusion of the mandible (retrude chin)?

Back 22

Temporal (posterior oblique and near horizontal fibers) and masseter

Front 23

Which muscles are involved in lateral movements, like grinding and chewing?

Back 23

Temporal of same side, pterygoids of opposite side, and masseter

Front 24

The maxillary artery is a terminal branch of what?

Back 24

External carotid artery

Front 25

The maxillary artery is frequently superficial to which muscle?

Back 25

Lateral pterygoid, but occasionally is deep to it

Front 26

The maxillary artery runs in which fossa?

Back 26

The infratemporal fossa, toward the pterygomaxillary fissure

Front 27

What are the pars of the maxillary artery?

Back 27

1st: mandibular, deep to or embedded in the parotid gland

2nd: Pterygoid

3rd: Pterygopalatine to the fossa

Front 28

What are the branches of the maxillary artery

Back 28

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Deep auricular artery

Anterior tympanic

Middle meningeal

Inferior alveolar

Accessory meningial

Massateric artery

Pterygoid

Deep temporal

Buccinator/buccal

Sphenopalatine

Descending palatine

Infraorbital

Posterior superior alveolar artery

Middle superior alveolar artery

Pharyngeal artery

Anterior superior alveolar artery

Artery of the pterygoid canal

Front 29

What makes up the first part of the maxillary artery?

Back 29

First part is before muscles

Deep auricular

Anterior tympanic

Middle meningeal

Inferior alveolar

Accessory meiningeal

Front 30

What does the deep auricular artery supply?

Back 30

Acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, TMJ

Front 31

What does the anterior tympanic artery supply?

Back 31

Tympanic membrane

Front 32

What does the middle meningeal artery supply?

Back 32

Dura mater

Front 33

What does the inferior alveolar artery supply?

Back 33

Mandibular dentition

Front 34

What does the accessory meningeal artery sypply?

Back 34

Trigeminal gangilon, dura

Front 35

What makes up the 2nd part of the maxillary artery?

Back 35

Goes over muscles

Deep temporal

Massateric

Pterygoid

Buccal

Front 36

What does the deep temporal artery supply?

Back 36

Temporalis

Front 37

What does the masseteric artery supply?

Back 37

Masseter

Front 38

What does the pterygoid artery supply?

Back 38

Pterygoids

Front 39

What does the buccal artery supply?

Back 39

Buccinator and the mucous membrane

Front 40

What makes up the third part of the maxillary artery?

Back 40

Posterior superior alveolar

Artery of the pterygoid canal

Infraorbital

Pharyngeal

Descending palatine

Sphenopalatine

Front 41

What does the posterior superior alveolar artery supply?

Back 41

Molars, bicuspids, gingiva, maxillary sinus

Front 42

Where does the pterygoid venus plexus lie? What does it receive?

Back 42

Lies lateral to the maxillary artery and lateral pterygoid muscle

Receives tributaries corresponding to the maxillary artery

Front 43

What does the pterygoid venous plexus coalesce to form?

Back 43

Coalesces to form the maxillary vein that joins the superficial temporal vein, which then becomes the retromandibular vein

Front 44

What does the plexus communciate with?

Back 44

Facial vein

Cavernous sinus

Important factor in the focal demyelination of CN V2

Front 45

Mandibular Nerve (V3) exits out of what?

Back 45

The foramen ovale

Front 46

Describe the division of the Mandibular Nerve (V3) immediately after exiting

Back 46

Has an undivided motor and sensory trunk, 2-3mm, which then after immediately divides into a smaller anterior and larger posterior division

Front 47

What does the undivided trunk of the Mandibular Nerve (V3) give rise to?

Back 47

Meningeal branch to the dura of the middle cranial fossa

Nerve to the medial pterygoid

Nerve to the tensor tympani muscle

Nerve to the tensor veli palatini muscle

Front 48

Which branches of the undivided trunk of the mandibular nerve (V3) are motor vs sensory?

Back 48

The miningeal branch to the dura of the middle cranial fossa is sensory

The nerve to the medial pterygoid, the nerve to the tensor tympani muscle, and the nerve to the tensor veli palatini muscle are sensory

Front 49

Through what foramen does the meningeal branch pass through?

Back 49

Passes with the middle meningeal artery through the foramen spinosum

Supplies the dura of the middle cranial fossa

GSA

Front 50

Nerve to medial pterygoid muscle

Back 50

SVE

Arises from the trunk of the mandibular nerve

Is closely associated with the otic ganglion

SUpplies the meidal pterygoid muscle

Front 51

Nerve to the tensor tympani muscle

Back 51

SVE

Arises from trunk of mandibular nerve V3

Front 52

Nerve to the tensor veli palatini

Back 52

Arises from the trunk of the mandibular nerve or from nerve to medial pterygoid

SVE

Front 53

What is the origin, insertion, and function of the tensor veli palatini

Back 53

O: Scaphoid fossa of the medial pterygoid plate

I: Palatine aponeurosis

A: Elevates the palate during swallowing

Front 54

What is the origin, insertion, and function of the tensor tympani?

Back 54

O: Auditory tube and greater wing of the sphenoid

I: Handle of malleus

A: Pulls handle medially and tenses typanic membrane to reduce amplitude of its oscillations

Front 55

The anterior division of the maxillary nerve (V3) gives rise to what?

Back 55

Deep temporal nerves (motor)

Massateric nerve (motor)

Nerve to lateral pterygoid muscle (motor)

Buccal nerve (Sensory ONLY)

Front 56

The posterior division of the maxillary nerve (V3) gives rise to what?

Back 56

Auriculotemporal nerve (sensory)

Lingual nerve (sensory)

Inferior alveolar nerve (sensory)

Nerve to mylohyoideus and the anterior belly of the digastric, a branch of inferior alveolar, the only motor nerve of the posterior division

Front 57

What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint?

Back 57

Gliding synovial joint separated by a fibrocartilagenous disc on the articular surfaces

Front 58

The articular disc of the temporomadibular joint is ________________

Back 58

Concavoconvex

Fibrocartilage that separates the joint cavity into an upper and a lower compartment each lined by separate synovial membranes

Disc attaches to margins of the joint capsule, anteriorly to the lateral pterygoid muscle, and to the head of the madible

Front 59

Where do the gliding movements of protrusion and retrusion occur in the TMJ? What about the hinge movements of depression and elevation? Rotational or pivoting?

Back 59

The gliding movements of protrusion and retrusion (translation) occur in the superior cavity/compartment

while

The hinge movements of depression and elevation and the rotational or pivoting movements occur in the inferior cavity / compartment

Front 60

Characterize the course of the middle meningeal artery

Back 60

Ascends deep to the lateral pterygoid and passes between the 2 roots of the auriculotemporal nerve. Enters the cranium thru the foramen spinosum

Divides into anterior and posterior branches and supplies the skull and dura mater

Damaged by fractures of the temporal bone to produce an epidural hematoma