Block 6 Week 1 Turkey

Front 1

What are the names for the upper and lower jaws of a bird beak?

Back 1

Rhinotheca is the upper jaw & gnathotheca is the lower jaw.

Front 2

What is the term for birds with feet adapted for perching or holding prey that have one toe facing backwards, three facing forwards?

Back 2

Anisodactyl

Front 3

What is the term used for bird feet that have 3 forward-pointing toes connected by skin to make them more efficient sculls?

Back 3

Palmate

Front 4

What is the term for birds that have two toes (1st & 4th) facing backward and two toes (2nd & 3rd) facing forward?

Back 4

Zygodactyl

Front 5

What are the 3 discrete skin glands in birds?

Back 5

Uropygial gland (preen or oil gland), aural gland, and vent gland

Front 6

Where is the uropygial gland located? What is the function of the uropygial gland in birds?

Back 6

Located dorsal to the vertebrae that form the short tail. The liquid secretion is carried to the body and wing feathers during preening. Used to waterproof & insulate the body in waterfowl. Also forms a protective bacteriostatic layer. Not present in all birds.

Front 7

What do aural glands in birds do?

Back 7

Secrete a waxy substance

Front 8

What do vent glands in birds do?

Back 8

Secrete mucus (function is uncertain but may be linked to internal fertilization)

Front 9

How do birds lose heat? Do they sweat?

Back 9

The absence of sweat glands means that birds have to lose heat through their skin and by evaporation from the respiratory system

Front 10

The infundibular cleft in birds is the common opening of the ?

Back 10

Auditory tubes

Front 11

In what bird do the infundibular cleft and choana open together?

Back 11

Budgerigar

Front 12

Which side of the body does the esophagus lie on?

Back 12

Right

Front 13

What may initiate carb digestion in the esophagus and crop?

Back 13

Salivary amylase

Front 14

What is crop milk made of?

Back 14

Desquamated lipid-laden epithelial cells, mixed with ingested food

Front 15

Which organ of the GI tract in birds has the most species variation?

Back 15

Stomach

Front 16

What is the difference b/w the stomach of flesh-eating species and herbivores?

Back 16

Flesh-eating species use the stomach as a storage organ approproate for the chemical digestion of a soft diet. The stomahc of birds with herbivorous diet is adapted to the mechanical reduction of tougher material through powerful muscular development.

Front 17

What divides the proventriculus from the ventriculus?

Back 17

Isthmus

Front 18

Which is the glandular stomach and which is the muscular stomach?

Back 18

Proventriculus = glandular
Ventriculus = muscular

Front 19

Which lobe of the liver is the proventriculus ventrally in contact with?

Back 19

Left lobe of liver

Front 20

What are the 2 kinds of epithelial cells in the glands of the proventriculus?

Back 20

Oxynticopeptic cells that produce both hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen.
Cells that produce mucus.

Front 21

What are the sacs of the ventriculus?

Back 21

Cranial and caudal blind sacs

Front 22

What is koilin and where is it found?

Back 22

Koilin is found in the ventriculus and sometimes in the isthmus. It is a carbohydrate-protein complex formed when the secretion from the tubular glands is catalyzed by the low pH due to the hydrochloric acid from the proventriculus. It's yellow-green color is from the bile refluxed from the duodenum.

Front 23

Where is the site of protein digestion in birds?

Back 23

Gizzard (ventriculus)

Front 24

Which birds have a cecum (2 ceca)?

Back 24

Herbivorous birds

Front 25

What marks the former connection with the yolk sac in the jejunum?

Back 25

Vitelline or Meckel diverticulum

Front 26

What occurs in the ceca?

Back 26

Bacterial breakdown of cellulose

Front 27

What 3 things enter into the cloaca?

Back 27

Colorectum, ureters, and deferent ducts (or the left oviduct)

Front 28

Where is the bursa of fabricius located?

Back 28

Dorsal wall of the proctodeum

Front 29

What bounds the coprodeum caudally?

Back 29

Coprourodeal fold

Front 30

Which lobe of the liver is larger?

Back 30

Right lobe (carries the gallbladder)

Front 31

How many liver lobes in birds?

Back 31

2 - right & left (left is divided)

Front 32

Do air sacs participate in gaseous exchange?

Back 32

No, but act as bellows affecting the flow of air

Front 33

Which organ produces vocal sounds?

Back 33

Syrinx (a specialization at the tracheal bifurcation)

Front 34

What do the male duck and swan have on the left side of the syrinx that is believed to be a resonator?

Back 34

Osseous bulla

Front 35

Which species of coccidia is most common in poultry?

Back 35

Eimeria

Front 36

When does clinical disease occur in poultry? (in which conditions)

Back 36

After ingestion of relatively large numbers of sporulated oocysts by susceptible birds

Front 37

What are the 2 most pathogenic Eimeria in chickens? And why?

Back 37

Eimeria necatrix and Eimeria tenella.
Schizogony occurs in the lamina propria and crypts of Lieberkuhn of the small intestine and ceca, respectively, and causes extensive hemorrhage.

Front 38

What is the most common Eimeria infection in birds?

Back 38

Eimeria acervulina

Front 39

What are the 4 species of Eimeria that are considered pathogenic in turkeys?

Back 39

E. adenoeides, E. dispersa, E. gallopavonis, and E. meleagrimitis