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213 Cards in this Set
- Front
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|
seligilene
|
selective MAO-B inhibitor;
antidepressant agent |
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phenylzine
|
irreversible MAO-A and B inhibitor;
antidepressant agent |
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tranylcypromine
|
prolonged inhibitor of MAO-A but not irreversible;
antidepressant agent |
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amitriptyline
|
TCA
|
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imipramine
|
TCA
|
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trazodone
|
2nd/3rd gen antidepressant;
directly inhibit 5-HT2 receptors; inhibit 5-HT > NE reuptake |
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nefazodone
|
2nd/3rd gen antidepressant;
directly inhibit 5-HT2 receptors; inhibit 5-HT > NE reuptake |
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venlafaxine
|
2nd/3rd gen antidepressant;
5-HT >> NE reuptake inhibitor |
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buproprion
|
2nd/3rd gen antidepressant
mechanism unknown weak inhibition of monoamine reuptake |
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amoxapine
|
2nd/3rd gen antidepressant
metabolite of antipsychotic (loxapine) |
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maprotiline
|
2nd/3rd gen antidepressant
potent NE reuptake inhibitor |
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mirtazipine
|
2nd/3rd gen antidepressant
block 5-HT and α2 receptors |
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fluoxetine
|
antidepressant
SSRI |
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chlorpromazine
|
less potent phenothiazine
block DA receptors in limbic system antipsychotic |
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thioridazine
|
potent phenothiazine
block DA receptors in limbic system antipsychotic |
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fluphenazine
|
more potent phenothiazine
block DA receptors in limbic system antipsychotic |
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haloperidol
|
antipsychotic
resembles high potency phenothiazine block D2 receptors |
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molindone
|
antipsychotic
resembles high potency phenothiazine block D2 receptors |
|
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thiothixene
|
antipsychotic
resembles low potency phenothiazine block D2 receptors |
|
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clozapine
|
atypical antipsychotic
weak D1, D2 blocker may cause agranulocytosis |
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olanzipine
|
atypical antipsychotic
block D2, 5-HT2, ACh receptors also used in mania |
|
|
respiridone
|
atypical antipsychotic
potent blocker of D2, 5-HT2 receptors contraindicated in ASCVD 1st line drug |
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quetiapine
|
atypical antipsychotic
block 5-HT2, D2 receptors marked somnolence |
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ziprasidone
|
atypical antipsychotic
fatal cardiac arrythmias |
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aripiprazole
|
atypical antipsychotic
complex mechanism |
|
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NMDA superagonists
|
antipsychotic under development
|
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d-cycloserine
|
antipsychotic
glycine partial agonist |
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glycine transporter inhibitor
|
antipsychotic under development
|
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pentobarbital
|
short-intermediate acting (3-6 hr) barbiturate
potentiate action of GABA directly stimulate GABA-A receptor sedative-hypnotic |
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secobarbital
|
short-intermediate acting (3-6 hr) barbiturate
potentiate action of GABA directly stimulate GABA-A receptor sedative-hypnotic |
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amobarbital
|
short-intermediate acting (3-6 hr) barbiturate
potentiate action of GABA directly stimulate GABA-A receptor sedative-hypnotic |
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chloral hydrate
|
nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotic
sedation in children |
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paraldehyde
|
nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotic
|
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ethchlorvinol
|
nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotic
|
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meprobamate
|
nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotic
gastric bezoars |
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triazolam
|
short acting (<6 hr) benzodiazepine
enhance GABA mediated Cl flux sedative-hypnotic |
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temazepam
|
intermediate acting (6<t1/2<24 hr) benzodiazepine
enhance GABA mediated Cl flux sedative-hypnotic |
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diazepam
|
long acting (>24 hr) benzodiazepine
enhance GABA mediated Cl flux sedative-hypnotic |
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flurazepam
|
long acting (>24 hr) benzodiazepine
enhance GABA mediated Cl flux sedative-hypnotic |
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chlordiazepoxide
|
long acting (>24 hr) benzodiazepine
enhance GABA mediated Cl flux sedative-hypnotic |
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rohypnol
|
sedative-hypnotic
date rape drug |
|
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zaleplon
|
novel benzodiazepine-receptor agonist
hypnotic agent |
|
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zolpidem
|
novel benzodiazepine-receptor agonist
hypnotic agent |
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eszopiclone
|
novel benzodiazepine-receptor agonist
hypnotic agent |
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flumazenil
|
benzodiazepine-receptor antagonist
reverse sedative effects |
|
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phenytoin
|
antiseizure
inhibit voltage gated Na channels DO NOT use for absence seizures fetal hydantoin syndrome |
|
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carbamazepine
|
antiseizure
inhibit voltage gated Na channels potentiate GABA-A receptors drug of choice for partial seizures aplastic anemia |
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valproate
|
antiseizure
inhibit voltage gated Na channels increase presynaptic GABA inhibit voltage gated Ca channels particularly helpful with myoclonic hepatotoxicity |
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topiramate
|
antiseizure
inhibit voltage gated Na channels potentiate GABA receptor changes in visual acuity |
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lamotrigine
|
antiseizure
inhibit voltage gated Na channels inhibit voltage gated Ca channels stevens johnson/toxic epidermal necrolysis in <16 yo |
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zonisamide
|
antiseizure
inhibit voltage gated Na channels inhibit voltage gated Ca channels depression and psychosis reported |
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primidone
|
antiseizure
metabolized to phenobarbital |
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tiagabine
|
antiseizure
inhibit GABA reuptake psychosis reported |
|
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gabapentin
|
antiseizure
enhance presynaptic GABA concentration |
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ethosuximide
|
antiseizure
inhibit voltage gated Ca channels first line for absence seizures |
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levetiracetam
|
antiseizure
unknown mechanism |
|
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felbamate
|
antiseizure
unknown mechanism aplastic anemia and hepatotoxicity |
|
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phenobarbital
|
long-acting (>6 hr) barbiturate
potentiate action of GABA directly stimulate GABA-A receptor sedative-hypnotic antiseizure |
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buspirone
|
5-HT1 agonist
anxiolytic, smoking cessation |
|
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sumatryptan
|
triptan
5-HT1 agonist antimigraine |
|
|
ergotamine
|
ergot alkaloid
promiscious agonist: 5-HT, adrenergic, etc formerly used as antimigraine cardiac valvular lesions retroperitoneal fibroplasias |
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lysergic acid diethylamide
|
5-HT agonist
recreational hallucinogen |
|
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ketanserin
|
5-HT1, 5-HT2 antagonist
also α1 and H1 antagonist antihypertensive |
|
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ondansetron
|
5-HT3 antagonist
antiemetic for chemotherapy |
|
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cyproheptadine
|
5-HT2 antagonist
H2 receptor antagonist control post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome |
|
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ritanserin
|
5-HT2 antagonist
antithrombotic |
|
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sevoflurane
|
volatile anesthetic
|
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desflurane
|
volatile anesthetic
|
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isoflurane
|
volatile anesthetic
|
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nitrous oxide
|
volatile anesthetic
|
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halothane
|
volatile anesthetic
|
|
|
etomidate
|
IV anesthetic
used for trauma or CHF |
|
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fentanyl
|
IV anesthetic
opioid |
|
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propofol
|
IV anesthetic
used for normal anesthesia |
|
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thiopental
|
ultra-short acting (15-30 min) barbiturate
potentiate action of GABA directly stimulate GABA-A receptor sedative-hypnotic IV anesthetic |
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midazolam
|
short acting (<6 hr) benzodiazepine
enhance GABA mediated Cl flux sedative-hypnotic IV anesthetic used for normal anesthesia |
|
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ketamine
|
NMDA receptor
IV anesthetic used for trauma or CHF |
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aspirin
|
analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory
irreversible acetylation of COX contraindicated in ulcer, asthma, gout, influenza |
|
|
diflunisal
|
analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory
|
|
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mesalamine
|
analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory
use in IBD |
|
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acetaminophen
|
analgesic, antipyretic, weak antiinflammatory
|
|
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indomethacin
|
analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory
treatment of acute gouty arthritis |
|
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sulindac
|
analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory
prodrug treatment of acute gouty arthritis |
|
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tolmetin
|
analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory
|
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diclofenac
|
analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory
inhibit lipoxygenase and COX |
|
|
ketorolac
|
analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory
short term management of moderately severe acute pain (at opioid level) |
|
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ibuprofen
|
analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory
|
|
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naproxen
|
analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory
treatment of acute gouty arthritis |
|
|
ketoprofen
|
analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory
inhibits lipoxygenase and COXs |
|
|
oxaprozin
|
analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory
long half life |
|
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piroxicam
|
analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory
extended half life reversible inhibitor of COXs |
|
|
meloxicam
|
analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory
inhibit COX2 > COX1 |
|
|
nabumetone
|
analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory
only nonacid NSAID ketone prodrug preferentially inhibits COX2 at low dose |
|
|
celecoxib
|
analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory
COX2 selective inhibitor |
|
|
abatacept
|
disease modifying antirheumatic drug
inhibits T cell activation IV injection |
|
|
rituximab
|
disease modifying antirheumatic drug
Ab that bind to CD20 B cells IV infusion fatal infusion reactions |
|
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etanercept
|
disease modifying antirheumatic drug
TNFα blocking agent SC administration |
|
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adalimumab
|
disease modifying antirheumatic drug
TNFα blocking agent SC administration |
|
|
infliximab
|
disease modifying antirheumatic drug
TNFα blocking agent IV infusion |
|
|
colchicine
|
treatment for acute gouty arthritis
inhibit migration of leukocytes and phagocytes inhibit formation of leukotrine B4 |
|
|
probenecid
|
uricosuric agent
increase uric acid reabsorption treatment for underexcretor |
|
|
sulfinpyrazone
|
uricosuric agent
increase uric acid reabsorption treatment for underexcretor |
|
|
allopurinol
|
inhibit xanthine oxidase
inhibit PPRP synthetase treatment for overproducers |
|
|
febuxostat
|
inhibit xanthine oxidase
nonpurine compound treatment for overproducers |
|
|
recombinant uricase
|
converts uric acid to allantoin
prevents hyperuricemia |
|
|
morphine
|
prototype opioid narcotic
|
|
|
codeine
|
opioid
1/10 morphine potency orally active used as antitussant or analgesic with aspirin or acetaminophen |
|
|
heroin
|
opioid
high lipid solubility |
|
|
oxycodone
|
opioid
same effects/potency as morphine higher oral activity |
|
|
hydromorphone
|
opioid
same effects as morphine 10x morphine potency higher oral activity |
|
|
apomorphine
|
opioid
DA agonist activity used to induce vomiting (direct effect on CTZ) |
|
|
misoprostol
|
synthetic PGE1 analog
given with NSAIDs to protect GI mucosa |
|
|
mucomyst (N-acetylcysteine)
|
acetaminophen overdose antidote
body able to make more glutathione and safely metabolize acetaminophen |
|
|
dextromethorphan
|
opioid
little analgesic or addiction activity used as antitussant |
|
|
meperidine
|
opioid
shorter duration of action than morphine 1/10 morphine potency orally active |
|
|
fentanyl
|
opioid
80x morphine potency anesthetic induction sole anesthetic for cardiac surgeries |
|
|
alfentanil
|
opioid
80x morphine potency |
|
|
sufentanil
|
opioid
80x morphine potency |
|
|
methadone
|
opioid
same actions and potency as morphine orally active half life = 15 hr used in methadone maintenance |
|
|
LAAM
|
opioid
long-acting congener of methadone orally active maintenance treatment in heroin addiction |
|
|
propoxyphene
|
opioid
similar to codeine |
|
|
diphenoxylate
|
opioid
oral administration antidiarrheal |
|
|
loperamide
|
opioid
oral administration antidiarrheal |
|
|
naloxone
|
pure competitive opioid antagonist
drug of choice for opioid overdose |
|
|
naltrexone
|
pure competitive opioid antagonist
orally active |
|
|
pentazocine
|
opioid
weak mu antagonist kappa agonist sigma agonist analgesic for mild to moderate pain |
|
|
nalbuphine
|
opioid
mu antagonist kappa agonist analgesic for moderate to severe pain |
|
|
butorphanol
|
opioid
mu antagonist kappa agonist analgesic for moderate to severe pain |
|
|
buprenorphine
|
partial mu agonist
kappa antagonist analgesic for moderate to severe pain |
|
|
phencyclidine
|
arylcyclohexylamine
abused drug sigma agonist |
|
|
disulfiram
|
inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase
n/v with ethanol ingestion |
|
|
mannitol
|
osmotic diuretic
useful in increased ICP |
|
|
acetazolamide
|
CA inhibitor
decreased NaHCO3 reabsorption treatment of glaucoma |
|
|
furosemide
|
loop diuretic
block Na-K-2Cl symporter decrease preload increase urinary Ca excretion |
|
|
bumetanide
|
loop diuretic
block Na-K-2Cl symporter decrease preload increase urinary Ca excretion |
|
|
ethacrynic acid
|
loop diuretic
block Na-K-2Cl symporter decrease preload increase urinary Ca excretion more commonly causes ototoxicity |
|
|
torsemide
|
loop diuretic
block Na-K-2Cl symporter decrease preload increase urinary Ca excretion |
|
|
hydrochlorothiazide
|
thiazide diuretic
block NaCl symporter decrease PVR increase Ca reabsorption |
|
|
chlorthalidone
|
thiazide diuretic
block NaCl symporter decrease PVR increase Ca reabsorption |
|
|
metolazone
|
thiazide diuretic
block NaCl symporter decrease PVR increase Ca reabsorption |
|
|
chlorthiazide
|
thiazide diuretic
block NaCl symporter decrease PVR increase Ca reabsorption available in IV preparation |
|
|
triamterene
|
K sparing diuretic: Na channel blocker
decrease Na reabsorption decrease K, H excretion |
|
|
amiloride
|
K sparing diuretic: Na channel blocker
decrease Na reabsorption decrease K, H excretion |
|
|
spironolactone
|
K sparing diuretic
competitive antagonist of aldosterone gynecomastia as side effect |
|
|
eplerenone
|
K sparing diuretic
selective aldosterone receptor blocker |
|
|
vasopressin = AVP = ADH
|
insertion of aquaporins in collecting duct (V2)
vasoconstriction (V1) |
|
|
desmopressin = DDAVP
|
mainly insertion of aquaporins in collecting duct (V2)
vasoconstriction (V1) to lesser extent |
|
|
demeclocycline
|
ADH antagonist
decrease effect of ADH on renal collecting duct cells |
|
|
conivaptan
|
ADH antagonist
V1, V2 antagonist short term treatment of euvolemic hyponatremia NOT approved for heart failure |
|
|
lithium
|
antidepressant
mood stabilizing decrease formation of postsynaptic second messengers (IP3 and DAG) ADH antagonist |
|
|
clonidine
|
sympatholytic
α2 agonist decreased SNS outflow hypertensive crisis if sudden withdrawal |
|
|
methyldopa
|
sympatholytic
prodrug α2 agonist |
|
|
reserpine
|
decrease neurotransmitter released
inhibit vesicular uptake pump |
|
|
guanethidine
|
decrease neurotransmitter released
depletion of neurotransmitter |
|
|
prazosin
|
α1 blocker
antihypertensive first-dose phenomenon |
|
|
labetalol
|
α1, β blocker
antihypertensive possible hepatotoxicity |
|
|
carvedilol
|
α1, β blocker
antihypertensive used for HF in certain patients |
|
|
hydralazine
|
antihypertensive
arterial dilator via NO release possible drug induced lupus |
|
|
minoxidil
|
antihypertensive
arterial dilator via K channel opening activity possible pericardial effusion |
|
|
fenoldopam
|
antihypertensive
arterial dilator via D1 receptor agonist activity used for hypertensive emergencies possible increased intraocular pressure |
|
|
diazoxide
|
antihypertensive
arterial dilator via K channel opening activity used for hypertensive emergencies |
|
|
sodium nitroprusside
|
antihypertensive
arterial and venous dilator via guanylyl cyclase stimulation cyanide and thiocyanate toxicity |
|
|
-pril drugs
|
ACE inhibitor
antihypertensive prodrugs decreased AII leading to less vasoconstriction and aldosterone decreased bradykinin (vasodilator) breakdown contraindicated in renal artery stenosis cough, angioedema |
|
|
losartan
|
AII receptor blocker
antihypertensive decreased pressor response |
|
|
aliskiren
|
renin inhibitor
antihypertensive decreased plasma renin activity |
|
|
nitroglycerin
|
organic nitrate
antianginal release NO to stimulate vasodilation |
|
|
isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN)
|
organic nitrate
antianginal release NO to stimulate vasodilation |
|
|
isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISMN)
|
organic nitrate
antianginal release NO to stimulate vasodilation |
|
|
propranolol
|
β blocker
antihypertensive, antianginal decreased HR, contractility decreased renal renin release β blocker withdrawal |
|
|
nifedipine
|
dihydropyridine Ca channel blocker
antianginal, antihypertensive higher vascular selectivity mainly arterial vasodilation decreased contractility |
|
|
ranolazine
|
antianginal
newer drug approved for chronic angina |
|
|
digoxin
|
cardiac glycoside
inhibits Na,K-ATPase leads to increased intracellular Ca --> increased contractility used for heart failure |
|
|
dobutamine
|
β1 agonist
used for heart failure |
|
|
milrinone
|
inhibit phosphodiesterase 3 --> increased cAMP --> increased contractility and vasodilation
used for acute HF or severe exacerbation of chronic HF |
|
|
nesiritide
|
hBNP
stimulate guanylate cyclase --> increased cGMP --> smooth muscle relaxation used for heart failure |
|
|
propranolol
|
antiarrhythmic - class II
block β receptor atrial fibrillation |
|
|
amiodarone
|
antiarrhythmic - class III
block Na, K, Ca channels block α, β, ACh receptors t1/2 = weeks serious ventricular arrhythmias certain supraventricular arrhythmias many adverse effects |
|
|
dronedarone
|
antiarrhythmic - class III
atrial fibrillation or flutter in certain patients |
|
|
sotalol
|
antiarrhythmic - class III
block K channel block β receptor serious ventricular arrhythmias maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with symptomatic AFIB/AFL who are currently in sinus rhythm |
|
|
dofetilide
|
antiarrhythmic - class III
block K channel conversion of atrial fibrillation maintenance of normal sinus rhythm is patients with atrial fibrillation |
|
|
ibutilide
|
antiarrhythmic - class III
block K channel increase Na channel flow rapid conversion of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter of recent onset to sinus rhythm |
|
|
adenosine
|
antiarrhythmic - class IV
acts on adenosine receptor t1/2 <10 sec conversion of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm |
|
|
methylxanthine
|
inhibit adenosine receptor
example is caffeine |
|
|
UFH
|
derived from porcine gastric mucosa;
catalyzes antithrombin inhibition of IIa and Xa |
|
|
LMWH
|
digested UFH
catalyzes antithrombin inhibition of Xa and to lesser extent IIa |
|
|
fondaparinux
|
synthetic pentasaccharide binding sequence;
catalyzes antithrombin inhibition of Xa |
|
|
enoxaparin
|
LMWH
|
|
|
lepirudin
|
irreversible direct thrombin inhibitor
recombinant derivative of hirudin (anticoagulant in leeches) |
|
|
argatroban
|
reversible direct thrombin inhibitor
|
|
|
protamine
|
combines with UFH to form a stable salt;
neutralize anti-IIa activity of LMWH but only partially reverses the anti-Xa activity; does not reverse fondaparinux |
|
|
warfarin
|
inhibit regeneration of reduced vit K;
inhibit modification of factor II, VII, IX, X, protein C and S; S-isomer is more potent than R-isomer |
|
|
streptokinase
|
fibrinolytic
binds to plasminogen thereby converting plasminogen into a plasmin-like molecule capable of converting plasminogen to plasmin |
|
|
alteplase
|
fibrinolytic
tPA produced by recombinant DNA technology; requires fibrin for activity |
|
|
reteplase
|
fibrinolytic;
nonglycosylated deletion mutant of wild type tPA; fibrin specific; resistance to Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 |
|
|
tenecteplase
|
fibrinolytic;
6 aa substitued at 3 sites compared to wild type tPA; fibrin specific resistance to Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1; single bolus administration |
|
|
aminocaproic acid
|
hemostatic;
bind reversible to plasminogen to block binding to fibrin and its activation and transformation to plasmin; enhancing hemostasis |
|
|
clopidogrel
|
antiplatelet agent
irreversible ADP pathway inhibitor prodrug requires 2 CYP-dependent oxidations |
|
|
prasugrel
|
antiplatelet agent
irreversible ADP pathway inhibitor prodrug requires hydrolysis and 1 CYP-dependent oxidation |
|
|
abciximab
|
antiplatelet agent
GIIb/IIIa antagonist Fab frag of monoclonal Ab |
|
|
eptifibatide
|
antiplatelet agent
GIIb/IIIa antagonist |
|
|
tirofiban
|
antiplatelet agent
GIIb/IIIa antagonist |
|
|
phytonadione
|
oral vit K
antagonizes warfarin |
|
|
bivalirudin
|
direct reversible thrombin inhibitor
derived from hirudin inactivates platelet bound Xa and clot bound thrombin |
|
|
dipyridamole
|
inhibition of phophodiesterase to increase platelet cAMP;
blockade of uptake of adenosine; with aspirin for stroke prevention |
|
|
verapamil
|
Ca channel blocker
antianginal, antihypertensive antiarrhythmic - class IV decrease sinus node pacemaker rate decrease AV conduction decrease contractility |
|
|
diltiazem
|
Ca channel blocker
antianginal, antihypertensive antiarrhythmic - class IV decrease sinus node pacemaker rate decrease AV conduction decrease contractility |
|
|
propafenone
|
antiarrhythmic - class IC
block Na channel block β receptor supraventricular arrhythmia |
|
|
flecainide
|
antiarrhythmic - class IC
block Na, K channels maintenance of sinus rhythm in certain supraventricular arrhythmias in patients without structural heart disease |
|
|
mexiletine
|
antiarrhythmic - class IB
block Na channel oral lidocaine-like drug serious ventricular arrhythmias |
|
|
lidocaine
|
antiarrhythmic - class IB
block Na channel acute treatment of ventricular arrhythmias |
|
|
disopyramide
|
antiarrhythmic - class IA
block Na, K channels block ACh receptors serious ventricular arrhythmias |
|
|
procainamide
|
antiarrhythmic - class IA
block Na, K channels serious ventricular arrhythmias active metabolite (NAPA) drug-induced lupus agranulocytosis |
|
|
quinidine
|
antiarrhythmic - class IA
block Na, K channels block α, ACh receptors atrial fibrillation and flutter serious ventricular arrhythmias thrombocytopenia |
