Block 4 Week 2 Conditions

Front 1

supracondylar fracture

Back 1

- most common elbow region fracture
- fracture right across the epicondyles
- occurs most often in children 3-8yr

Front 2

fractured radial head

Back 2

- common elbow region fracture
- causes pain/swelling around the elbow

Front 3

medial epicondylitis

Back 3

- due to overuse of wrist flexors or pronators
- pain around medial elbow, forearm

Front 4

lateral epicondylitis

Back 4

- due to overuse of wrist extensors or supinators

Front 5

cubital tunnel syndrome

Back 5

- nerve compression, caused by repetitive trauma to ulnar nerve as it passes the ulnar groove (near the elbow, the 'funny bone')

Front 6

carpel tunnel syndrome

Back 6

- occurs when median nerve is compressed at the wrist
- pain in the wrist, thumb, middle, index fingers

Front 7

scaphoid fracture

Back 7

- most common fractured carpal bone
- pain is near the radial-wrist junction
- may take 7-10d to show up on x-ray
- diffdx with colles' fracture

Front 8

osteoarthritis, HAND

Back 8

- degenerative joint disease
- affects all the finger joints of the hand, especially the thumb joint
- will lead to bony deformations and nodules

Front 9

rheumatoid arthritis, HAND

Back 9

- all hand joints affected, usually not the distal finger joints
- synovium is inflamed, will damage the tendons, leading to strange finger contortions, and may cause joint fusion
- will see ulnar deviation of the hand

Front 10

greenstick fracture

Back 10

- occurs in soft bone (usually children)
- incomplete fracture where one side fractures and the other side bends
- will need to be bent back into position

Front 11

phalanx growth plate injury
(salter harris type ii)

Back 11

- fractures through the growth plate (thus more common in children)
- type ii is most common type
- fracture through the physis and metaphysis (not epiphysis)

Front 12

pathologic fracture

Back 12

- fracture in an area of bone that has been weaked (due to pathologic process, etc)

Front 13

colles' fracture

Back 13

- fracture at the distal radius
- diffdx with scaphoid fracture

Front 14

torus fracture of the wrist

Back 14

- incomplete compression fracture near metaphysis/diaphysis of radius
- usually caused by falling, and on xray will see sorta compression bulge (buckling)

Front 15

nursemaid's elbow

Back 15

- partial dislocation of the elbow
- annular ligament slides out, and becomes entrapped by the radius
- has to be reduced

Front 16

scapholunate dissociation

Back 16

- most common carpal instability
- caused by tear in interosseous and dorsal radio-carpal ligament
- increased movement of carpal bones leads to early degenerative arthritis

Front 17

olecranon burstitis

Back 17

- swelling of olecranon bursa
- caused by trauma to posterior elbow
- exam: elbow point will be sticking out, and erythema

Front 18

dequervain tenosynovitis

Back 18

- inflammation of extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus (radial side of the wrist)
- caused by overuse of thumb (abduct and extend), will thicken the tendon and cause movement problems

Front 19

trigger finger

Back 19

- inflammation of flexor tendon sheath
- causes a 'snapping' action when finger tries to extend, because flexor tendon gets caught
- caused by trauma on palmar side, irritating the tendons

Front 20

nightstick fracture

Back 20

- fracture of the ulnar, usually mid-diaphysis
- caused by blunt trauma (by the nightstick)