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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Mnemonic for grading CNS tumors
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AMEN
A -- atypical M -- mitotic E -- endothelial N -- necrosis |
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What does a lot of enhancement on a brain image indicate?
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Mass is likely to be high grade
Enhancement is due to either vascularization or breakdown of BBB |
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Fibrillary processes are a hallmark of what types of CNS tumors?
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Astrocytic tumors
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Perinuclear clearing is a prominent sign of what tumor?
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Oligodendriogloma
("fried eggs and chicken wire") |
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GFAP is used to identify what type of cells?
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Astrocytes
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In a T1-weighted image, how does CSF appear?
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Dark
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What is enhanced in a FLARE image?
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The cortical ribbon
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Pilocytic astrocytoma is most common in what group of people?
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Children
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What is the W.H.O. grade for Oligodendrioglioma?
For diffuse astrocytoma? |
II
II Both of these are LOW-grade lesions |
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In which is microcystic change more common?
(OGD vs. astrocytoma) |
Oligodendroglioma
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What is KI-67?
What is it used for? |
A nuclear protein expressed in all stages, except for rest
Used as a marker to grade tumors (high amount of expression indicates aggressive tumor) |
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What is the significance of a 1p/19q deletion?
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Pts. w/ the deletion generally respond better to treatment
(in the context of high grade gliomas) |
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What is ring enhancement a sign of?
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Endothelial proliferation
(represents neovascularization) |
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What is the differential for ring enhancing lesions?
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--- TUMORS ---
GBM, metastasis, primary CNS lymphoma --- INFECTIONS --- Abscesses, Toxo --- VASCULAR --- Old hematoma |
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Describe palisading necrosis?
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A rim of nucleated cells surrounding a core of necrotic tissue
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What is the difference between a primary and secondary GBM?
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Primary -- high grade tumor, W/O underlying low-grade lesion
Secondary -- progressed from a low-grade astrocytoma |
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How long is the expected survival for pts. w/ GBM?
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Only about a yr., even with treatment
(these tumors are hard to resect) |
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90% of CNS lymphomas are of what cell origin?
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B cell origin
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How is the appearance of a lymphoma different than that of other CNS tumors?
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Lymphomas are more homogenous in nature
Lymphomas do NOT have much fibrillarity Lymphomas typically have cells in clumps/clusters |
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What are the differences in PCNSL in i-compromised vs. i-competent pts.?
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Immunocompromised -- prominent necrosis, ring enhancement, EBV-related
Immunocompetent -- homogenous appearance, non-EBV related |
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Mnemonic for most common sources of mets to the CNS
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LBS KG
L -- lungs B -- breast S -- skin K -- kidneys G -- germ cell |
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What is a characteristic histologic sign of metastatic melanomas?
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Prominent pigmentation in the cells
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Histologically, a "columnar appearance" if a characteristic sign of what?
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Medulloblastoma
Considered a primitive, neuroectodermal tumor Most occur in kids Most arise in or adjacent to roof of 4th ventricle |
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What is the differential for posterior fossa tumors in childhood?
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Medulloblastoma
Pilocytic astrocytoma Ependymoma |
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What is the prognosis for most posterior fossa tumors of childhood?
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50 - 60% good outcomes (if amenable to resection)
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