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55 Cards in this Set

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.Dermis layer s
papillary layer is composed of loose connective tissue made up of very fine bundles of collagen, reticular and elastic fibers woven into a loose network.
Dermis

The fibers are surrounded by a gel of
glycosaminoglycans
glycoproteins
.enlarging uterus. The resultant scars show through the epidermis as white streaks known as the
striae gravidarum.
small bundles in connection with hair follicles =
(arrector pili)
cutis laxa
(skin becomes inelastic and hangs loosely in folds)
(skin becomes inelastic and hangs loosely in folds) called =
cutis laxa
Ehlers–Danlos syndromes,
considerable increase in skin and ligament extensibility caused by defective collagen-fibril processing.considerable increase in skin and ligament extensibility caused by defective collagen-fibril processing.
considerable increase in skin and ligament extensibility caused by defective collagen-fibril processing.considerable increase in skin and ligament extensibility caused by defective collagen-fibril processing.

called =
Ehlers–Danlos syndromes,
Hypodermis
subcutaneous layer (superficial fascia)
subcutaneous layer (superficial fascia)
In the eyelid, penis and scrotum, the subcutaneous layer is devoid of
fat
tissue of the hypodermis
insulates the body,
serves as a reserve energy supply,
cushions and protects the skin.
Blood supply
cutaneous plexus
At the boundary between the papillary and reticular layer they form the denser,
subpapillary network (papillary plexus).
Arteriovenous Anastomoses
Direct channels between arterial and venous circulation
The lymphatics begin in the ________ as endothelium-lined clefts, which pass to a horizontal network of lymph capillaries in the papillary layer.
papillae
This network communicates with a second plexus just deeper than the first and via this with a third plexus at the junction of the dermis with the hypodermis.
.
sensory fibers alone (free nerve endings) or in conjunction with specialized structures (corpuscular receptors) function as sensory receptors of touch, pain, temperature, itch, and mechanical stimuli at every point of the body.
Meissner’s (Touch) Corpuscles
myelinated and non­myelinated fibers terminate.

Structure: They are elongated ovoids which taper at each end.
Pacinian (Lamellated) corpuscles:
clefts between flattened cells contain fluid under some pressure- and this makes the corpuscles turgid.
They are sensitive to pressure, movement vibration and stretch.
Free Nerve endings
Ruffini corpuscle
Krause end bulb
Free Nerve endings
Ruffini corpuscle
Krause end bulb
Ano means
grow
Sympathetic motor fibers are codistributed with the sensory nerves in the dermis until they branch to innervate the =

3ct
Sympathetic motor fibers are codistributed with the sensory nerves in the dermis until they branch to innervate the =

3ct
sweat glands
smooth muscle of vessels
the arrector pili muscle.
The nerves of the skin are large,
myelinated
cutaneous branches
of musculocutaneous nerves which arise segmentally from spinal nerves.
Types of hairs

first hair to be produced by the fetal follicles, called _______ is fine, soft, unmedullated and usually unpigmented.
lanugo means =


Lanugo is normally shed in _____ when =
(=wool)

utero

seventh or eighth month of gestation.
Postnatal hair can be divided into
Postnatal hair
terminal hair
vellus
unmedullated
unpigmented


medullated and pigmented.
Hairs do not grow continuously

Follicles progress synchronously to the destructive

A resting phase =

shed hair is called _____ hair =
(catagen) phase

telogen
(At this stage, the hair falls out or is pulled out)

club hair
because of the shape of its root.
After a period of rest a new hair grows to replace the old one, and the hair growth cycle is repeated.
The life span of a single hair varies in different parts of the body, being as long as 4 years in the scalp and as short as 4 months in the axilla.
Hair growth of certain region of the body such as scalp, face and pubis, is strongly influenced by sex hormones (androgen).
Viewed from above a crescent-shaped light area is seen near the root of the nail. This is the ______ . It is a reflection of the partially keratinized cells in this region of the nail.
lunula
The edge of the skin fold covering the root of the nail is called the ___________ , or the cuticle.


epidermal thickening which joins to the free edge of the nail plate on its undersurface is ____________.
eponychium

hyponychium
Glands of the skin include
sebaceous
sweat
mammary glands
Sebaceous glands are found on all areas of the skin with the exception of the palm, soles and dorsa of the feet.
palm,
soles
dorsa of the feet.
Hair free sebaceous glands are found in the mucous membranes of
oral cavity
labia minora
internal fold of the prepuce
(Tyson’s glands)

eyelids
(Meibomian glands & Zeis glands).
The largest glands are usually found on the
face and scalp.
Sebaceous glands describe =

duct is lined by =
located in the =
stratified squamous

dermis

_______ branched alveolar (__________) glands which synthesize ______.
simple
saccular
lipid
Sebaceous glands how they work =
central cell degenerate
(holocrine secretion)

mitosis to the secretion of sebum takes about _ days
8d
Sebaceous glands
arrector pili muscle assists the gland in =
discharging its contents.
Sebaceous glands contains =

Puberty
Increased Androgens
Increased Sebum secretion
sebum

sebum contains =
triglycerides
fatty acids
wax ester,
Acne vulgaris

when =
Increased =
Increased =
Puberty
Androgens
Sebum secretion
Sweat glands are of two types
ordinary sweat glands = aka

odoriferous sweat glands. = aka
(eccrine)

(apocrine)
Sweat glands are of two types
tech Nm =
(eccrine) =

(apocrine) =
ordinary sweat glands = aka

odoriferous sweat glands. = aka
odoriferous sweat glands. = aka

ordinary sweat glands = aka
(apocrine) =

(eccrine) =
ordinary sweat glands are small compared to =
(apocrine) = aka
odoriferous
Ordinary sweat glands = aka

The duct of the sweat glands consists of =
eccrine

stratified cuboidal
eccrine sweat glands produce a
watery solution
low in protein

containing varying amounts’ of
sodium chloride,
urea,
uric acid
ammonia.
Eccrine sweat glands are innervated by =
postganglionic cholinergic sympathetic fibers.
Ordinary sweat glands

What increases the activity of the sympathetic nerves =
increase in the temperature of the blood circulating through the hypothalamus
excess heat causes sweating to begin on the =
forehead

then spread down over
body
weating caused by emotional and mental stimuli starts on the =
palms and soles and in the axillae

stimulated by =
adrenergic portion of
sympathetic
Apocrine sweat gland

odoriferous (apocrine) sweat glands are located in =
axilla
nipples
scrotum
labia major
pubic
perineal and circumanal regions
T/F

Apocrine sweat glands are larger than the ordinary sweat glands
True
Apocrine sweat gland
is odorless, bacterial decomposition is responsible for the musky acrid odor.
.
Apocrine sweat gland
secretion is produced continuously and is not concerned with thermoregulation.
Apocrine glands start to function at puberty and are under the control of the sex hormones.

+
In the females, both axillary and areolar apocrine glands undergo morphological and secretory changes that parallel the menstrual cycle.
Modified apocrine sweat gland
ciliary glands (glands of Moll)
Modified apocrine sweat gland
ceruminous glands are also modified apocrine glands

external auditory meatus

ceruminous glands secrete ear wax.
ceruminous glands secrete
ear wax

they are what type of gland =
Modified apocrine sweat gland
ear wax made by what glands =
ceruminous glands

they are what type of gland =
Modified apocrine sweat gland
glands of Moll = aka
ciliary glands

are found at the margins of the
eyelids

and open into or near the orifices of the eyelash follicles.