Block 4 Histology Md 1 Renal 1 Part B

Front 1

renal corpuscle, or AKA =
malpighian corpuscle,

consists of:
Bowmans capsule
glomerulus (a capillary tuft)

Bowman has two layers: =

Back 1

visceral layer
parietal layer

The visceral layer is lined by
podocytes

parietal layer is
simple squamous
------
glomerular capillaries,
lined by
fenestrated endothelial cells.
mesangium,
mesangial cells
mesangial matrix.
podocytes,
------
(Bowman's space/capsular space)
contains the =

plasma ultrafiltrate
(primary urine)

exists between visceral & parietal layers .

Hint 1

urinary pole
the gate the
plasma ultrafiltrate
flows into the
PCT

The opposite pole, the site of entry and exit of the =

afferent glomerular arterioles
efferent glomerular arterioles

is the =
vascular pole.

Front 2

renal corpuscle, or AKA =

Back 2

malpighian corpuscle,

Front 3

renal corpuscle
or
malpighian corpuscle,
consists of the capsule of Bowman investing a capillary tuft, the =

Back 3

glomerulus

Front 4

capsule of Bowman has two layers: =

Back 4

visceral layer
parietal layer

Hint 4

attached to the capillary glomerulus
associated with the
connective tissue stroma.

Front 5

Nephron
The visceral layer is lined by epithelial cells called

Back 5

podocytes
reinforced by a =

Hint 5

basal lamina

Front 6

Nephron

parietal layer is covered by a basal lamina supported by what kind of epith. =

Back 6

simple squamous epithelium

Front 7

Nephron
A urinary space
(Bowman's space/capsular space)
contains the =

Back 7

plasma ultrafiltrate (primary urine)

exists between the visceral and parietal layers of the capsule.

Front 8

The urinary space is continuous with the lumen of the ______ ______ _______ at the urinary pole, the gate through which the plasma ultrafiltrate flows into the proximal convoluted tubule.

Back 8

proximal convoluted tubule

The opposite pole, the site of entry and exit of the =

Hint 8

afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles

, is called the =


vascular pole.

Front 9

glomerulus consists of 3 components: =

Back 9

glomerular capillaries,
lined by
fenestrated endothelial cells.

mesangium,
formed by mesangial cells embedded in the mesangial matrix.

podocytes,
constituents of the _______ layer of the capsule of Bowman

Hint 9

visceral

Front 10

glomerular capillaries are lined by ? epith. =

Back 10

fenestrated endothelial cells.

Front 11

mesangium is =

Back 11

formed by mesangial cells embedded in the mesangial matrix.

Front 12

podocytes are constituents of the =

Back 12

visceral layer of the =

Hint 12

capsule of Bowman.

Front 13

_________ constituents of the visceral layer of the capsule of Bowman.

Back 13

podocytes

Front 14

__________ is formed by
mesangial cells
embedded in the
mesangial matrix.

Back 14

mesangium

Front 15

__________ are lined by fenestrated endothelial cells.

Back 15

glomerular capillaries

Front 16

glomerular filtration barrier is made up with both =

Back 16

Both podocytes and fenestrated endothelial cells and their corresponding basal laminae constitute the ____ ____ _____.

Hint 16

glomerular filtration barrier

Front 17

Both podocytes and fenestrated endothelial cells and their corresponding basal laminae constitute the =

Back 17

glomerular filtration barrier.

Front 18

The endings of the cell processes, the pedicels, from the same podocyte or adjacent podocytes, =

Back 18

interdigitate to cover the basal lamina and are separated by gaps, the filtration slits.

Front 19

The podocyte filtration slit diaphragm consists of the substance =

Back 19

protein nephrin.

Front 20

In addition to the components of the glomerular filtration barrier, other limiting factors controlling the passage of molecules in the plasma ultrafiltrate are =
2ct

Back 20

size
electric charge.

Front 21

Molecules with a
size less than 3.5 nm
and
positively charged
or
neutral are filtered more readily
ie =

Back 21

Albumin
filters poorly

3.6 nm and anionic

Front 22

Nephron

Filtration slits are bridged by a membranous material, the filtration slit diaphragm.

Pedicels are attached to the basal lamina by =

Back 22

integrin

Front 23

The podocyte filtration slit diaphragm has the substance =

Back 23

protein nephrin.

Front 24

The fenestrated endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries are covered by a

Back 24

basal lamina
which the
foot processes of the podocytes attach.

Front 25

Podocytes produce a substance glomerular

GEGF

Back 25

endothelial growth factor

to stimulate the development of the
___________
&
maintenance of its _________=

Hint 25

endothelium
fenestrations.

Front 26

fenestrated endothelial cells

endothelium is permeable to =
4ct
H+

Back 26

water
urea
glucose
small proteins

Hint 26

WUGS

Front 27

fenestrated endothelial cells

The surface endothelial cells is coated with

Back 27

negatively charged glycoproteins
that block the passage of
large anionic proteins.

Front 28

The endothelial cell basal lamina, closely associated with the basal lamina produced by podocytes, contains =
4ct

Back 28

type IV collagen
fibronectin
laminin
heparan sulfate

Front 29

____ ____ ____
is caused by a mutation in the _______ gene leading to the absence or malfunction of the podocyte slit filtration diaphragm.

Back 29

Congenital nephrotic syndrome

nephrin

Front 30

Congenital nephrotic syndrome is caused by a mutation in the _____ gene leading to the absence or malfunction of the ________ slit filtration diaphragm.

Back 30

nephrin

podocyte

Front 31

Congenital nephrotic syndrome is caused by a mutation in the nephrin gene leading to the absence or malfunction of the =

Back 31

podocyte slit filtration diaphragm.

Front 32

Congenital nephrotic syndrome

Affected children have massive proteinuria even in utero and the nephrotic syndrome develops soon after birth. Infants display =
4ct

Back 32

abdominal distention,
hypoalbuminemia
hyperlipidemia
edema

Front 33

Congenital nephrotic syndrome, is particularly common where =

Back 33

Finland, is lethal.

Front 34

diabetes mellitus and glomerulonephritis (characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli), the glomerular filter is altered
becomes =

Back 34

permeable to proteins
release of protein into the urine
proteinuria

Front 35

_________ is an intraglomerular structure interposed between the glomerular capillaries, consisting of two components: =

Back 35

Mesangium

mesangial cells
mesangial matrix.

Hint 35

Front 36

Mesangial cells are specialized pericytes with characteristics of

Back 36

smooth muscle cells
macrophages

Front 37

Nephrotic syndrome

aka =

Back 37

anasarca
or
dropsy

Front 38

hypoalbuminemia causes hyperlipidemia =

Back 38

Hypoproteinemia stimulates protein synthesis in the liver, resulting in lipoprotein overproduction.

Lipid catabolism is decreased due to lower levels of lipoprotein lipase, causing lipoprotein breakdown.

Cofactors, such as
Apolipoprotein C2

may also be lost by increased filtration of proteins.

Front 39

Nephrotic
vs
Nephritic

podocytes are degraded & large enough to permit proteinuria
thus
hypoalbuminemia...

Back 39

albumin allowed to pass from blood to the urine
but podocytes are not large enough to allow hematuria.

By contrast =

Hint 39

nephritic syndrome RBCs can pass thru pores, causing hematuria.