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124 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Entacapone
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COMT inhibitor; used in treatment of Parkinson's disease
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Octopamine
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False transmitter formed from tyramine in the presence of MAOIs; accumulates in adrenergic synpatic vesicles and has sympatholytic effectes leading to decreased blood pressure
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Cocaine
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Blocks monoamine transporter which increases transmitter levels in the synapse; pronounced increase in DA in the brain leading to euphoria, abuse, and dependance; has a local anesthetic effect
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Carbidopa
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Inhibits DOPA decarboxylase; does not cross the BBB and only works systemically to protect levodopa from metabolism in the PNS
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Levodopa
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Immediate precursor to dopamine that crosses the BBB to increase dopamine levels in the CNS
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Reserpine
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Inhibits the transport of monoamine transmitters into the synaptic vesicles, causing the depletion of vesicle monoamine stores lead to sympatholytic effects; it crosses the BBB and leads to CNS depression
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Guanethidine
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Causes the slow depletion of norepinephrine from nerve terminals; sympatholytic with no CNS activity
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Bretylium
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Blocks NE release from the nerve ending by inhibiting vesicle fusion; sympatholytic agent that does not cross the BBB; anti-arrhythmic agent
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Acetylcholine
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Cholinergic neurotransmitter formed from acetylcoA and choline via actyltransferase; very short half-life due to rapid hydrolysis by acetlycholinesterase
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Mecamylamine
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Non-depolarizing ganglionic antagonist used in the treatment of severe hypertension
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Verenicline
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Partial nicotinic acetlycholine receptor agonist used as an adjunct in smoking cessation (trade name: Chantix)
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Muscarine
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Muscarinic receptor agonist isolated from mushrooms; parasympathomimetic
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Pyridostigmine
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Carbamate cholinesterase inhibitor that does not cross the BBB; used to treat myesthenia gravis and reversal of nondepolarizing NMJ blockers
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VX
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Nerve gas agent which inhibits acetlycholinesterase
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Atropine
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Muscarinic receptor antagonist (major belladonna alkaloid)
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Neostigmine
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Carbamate cholinesterase inhibitor that does not cross the BBB; used to treat myesthenia gravis and reversal of nondepolarizing NMJ blockers
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Carbaryl
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Carbamate cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide
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Bethanechol
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Cholinergic agonist selective for muscarinic receptors; not hydrolyzed by cholinesterases
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Sarin
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nerve gas agent cholinesterase inhibitor
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Hyoscyamine
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Muscarinic receptor antagonist; relief of GI spasms, irritable bowel syndrome, and spastic colon
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Benztropine
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Muscarinic receptor antagonist used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease
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Pralidoxime (2-PAM)
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Cholinesterase reactivator used after organophosphate poisoning (used before "aging" phenomenon occurs)
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Scopolamine
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Muscarinic antagonist
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Physostigmine
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Carbamate cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the BBB
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Nerve gas agents
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organophosphates that are cholinesterase inhibitors producing depolarization blockade
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Echothiophate
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Cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of glaucoma
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Nicotine
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Ganglionic and NMJ agonist that can cause depolarization blockade at high doses; stimulates the release of dopamine in the CNS
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Malathion
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Cholinesterase inhibitor; prodrug converted to an organophosphate used as a pesticide; inactivated in mammals and birds
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Edrophonium
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Competitive cholinesterase inhibitor used for the diagnosis and dose adjustment of myesthenia gravis (short acting cholinesterase inhibitor)
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Arecoline
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Non-specific cholinergic agonist
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Pilocarpine
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Muscarinic receptor agonist used in the treatment of glaucoma; crosses membranes well
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Parathion
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Cholinesterase inhibitor; prodrug converted to an organophosphate used as a pesticide; inactivated in mammals and birds
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Donepezil
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Noncompetitive cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of Alzheimer's
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Tizanidine
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Selecetive alpha 2 receptor agonist
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Methamphetamine
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Indirect adrenergic agonist with prominant CNS action
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Amphetamine
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Indirect adrenergic agonist that stimulates release of catecholamines from the monoamine terminals; major CNS action causing the elevation of central dopamine levels leading to positive reinforcment
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Labetalol
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Mixed beta and alpha 1 receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent
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Dopamine
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Dopaminergic NT producing renal vasodilation, controls motor activity in the caudate-putamen, associated with positive reinforcement in the limbic areas
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Phenoxybenzamine
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Non-selective alpha receptor antagonist that is long acting and irreversible; used in the treatment of pheochromocytoma
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Propranolol
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Non-selective beta receptor antagonist
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Norepinephrine
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Noradrenergic neurotransmitter; good alpha and beta 1 agonist and weak beta 2 agonist
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Methylphenidate
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Indirect adrenergic agonist that stimulates the release of catecholamine from monoamine terminals (trade name: Ritaline)
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Levalbuterol
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Selective beta 2 receptor agonist used in the treatment of bronchospasms and COPD
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Ephedrine
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Partial indirect adrenergic agonist
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Albuterol
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Selective beta 2 agonist used in the treatment of bronchospasms, asthma, and COPD
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Prazosin
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Selective alpha 1 antagonist used as a hypertensive agent
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Clonidine
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Selective alpha 2 agonist; decreases sympathetic outflow to the PNS
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Salmeterol
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Selective beta 2 receptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma
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Epinephrine
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Adrenergic agonist; efficacious at both alpha and beta receptors
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Methyldopa
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Prodrug alpha 2 receptor agonist
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Carvedilol
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Mixed beta and alpha 1 receptor antagonist
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Timolol
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Nonselective beta receptor antagonist; used in the treatment of glaucoma and elevated intraocular pressure
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Terazosin
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Selective alpha 1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of BPH
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Pseudoephedrine
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Partial indirect arenergic agonist; decongestant
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Brimonidine
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Selective alpha 2 agonist
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Ergot alkaloids
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Partial alpha agonists
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Dobutamine
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Selective beta 1 agonist
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Isoproterenol
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Beta receptor agonist used for the management of bronchospasms
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Tyramine
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Pure indirect adrenergic agonist; inactivated by MAO
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Tamsulosin
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Selective alpha 1 antagonist used for the treatment of BPH
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Methoxamine
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Selective alpha 1 agonist used for rapid increase in BP during hypotensive emergencies
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Phenylephrine
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Selective alpha 1 agonist
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Phentermine
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Partial indirect adrenergic agonist used as an appetite suppressant
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Atenolol
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Cardioselective beta 1 antagonist
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Doxazosin
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Selective alpha 1 antagonist used for the treatment of BPH
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Esmolol
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Cardioselective, short acting beta 1 receptor antagonist
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Phentolamine
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Non-selective alpha antagonist
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Baclofen
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Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant; GABA agonist
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Methocarbamol
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Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant; GABA agonist that works at the spinal reflex arc
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Dantrolene
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Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts within the sarcoplasmic reticulum to inhibit Ca2+ release; used in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia
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Diazepam
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Anxiolytic and centrally acting muscle relaxant that increases the release of GABA in the CNS
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Botulinum toxin
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Cholinergic neurtoxin that blocks the release of Ach from the nerve terminal
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Succinylcholine
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Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker; short acting and NOT hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase, but it IS metabolized by butyrylcholinesterase
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Tubocurarine
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Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker; also causes the release of histamine from mast cells
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Atracurium
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Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
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Pancuronium
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Long acting non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
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Selegiline
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MAO type B inhibitor used as an adjunct in the treatment of Parkinson's disease
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Ipratropium
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Muscarinic antagonist used in the treatment of bronchospasms, COPD, and rhinorrhea
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Procaine
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Local anesthetic of the ester class with a slow onset; hydrolysis by cholinesterase
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Chloroprocaine
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Local anesthetic of the ester class; rapid onset and metabolized by cholinesterase
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Tetracaine
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Local anesthetic of the ester class; spinal anesthetic
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Lidocaine
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Amide local anesthetic with rapid onset and intermediate duration
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Prilocaine
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Amide local anesthetic with rapid onset; assoicated with methemoglobinemia
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Bupivacaine
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Amide local anesthetic with high cardiac toxicity; slow onset and long duration
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Dimenhydrinate
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First generation anti-histamine with anti-cholinergic activity, marked sedation, and anti-motion sickness activity
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Diphenhydramine
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First generation anti-histamine with anti-cholinergic activty as well as marked sedation and anti-motion sickness activity
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Chlorpheniramine
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First generation anti-histamine with slight anti-cholinergic activity and slight sedation
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Promethazine
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First generation anti-histamine with anti-cholinergic activity as well as marked sedation and anti-emetic activity
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Cetirizine
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Second generation anti-histamine; metabolite of first generation hydroxyzine
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Desloratadine
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Second generation anti-histamine converted from generic loratadine (claritin)
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Fexofenadine
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Second generation anti-histamine
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Loratadine
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Second generation anti-histamine; metabolized to desloratadine (clarinex)
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Olopatadine
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Anti-histamine given in a topic preparation for allergic conjunctivitis
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Azelastine
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Anti-histamine given in a topic/drops preparation for allergic conjunctivitis or allergic rhinitis
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Budesonide
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Nasal steroid for allergic rhinitis
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Fluticasone furoate
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Nasal steroid for allergic rhinitis
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Mometasone furoate
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Nasal steroid for allergic rhinitis
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Disulfarim
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Inhibition of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase; treatment of alcoholism
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Naltrexone
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Opiate receptor antagonist that reduces the positive reinforcement of alcohol and reduces craving (prevents heavy drinking)
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Acamprosate
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Restores normal NMDA signal tone and reduces alcohol cravings; decreases alcohol withdraw effects
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Fomepizol
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Inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase used in the treatment of methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning
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Amantadine
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Increases the synaptic concentration of dopamine; used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease
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Pergolide
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Dopamine receptor agonist of the ergot alkoloid class
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Bromocriptine
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Dopamine receptor agonist of the ergot alkoloid class
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Pramipexole
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Non-ergot dopamine agonist
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Ropinirole
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Non-ergot dopamine agonist
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Sinemet
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Combination of carbidopa/levodopa used for treatment of Parkinson's disease
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Tetrabenazine
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Dopamine depleting agent used in the treatment of Huntington's disease
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Phenelzine
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MAO-A and B inhibitor used inthe treatment of depression
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Tranylcypromine
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MAO-A inhibitor used in the treatment of depression
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Amitriptyline
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Tricyclic antidepressant that increases the concentration of synaptic NE and 5-HT by inhibiting reuptake pumps
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Imipramine
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Tricyclic antidepressant that increases the concentration of synaptic NE and 5-HT by inhibiting reuptake pumps
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Trazodone
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Antidepressant that inhibits 5-HT receptors and inhibit 5-HT and NE reuptake; Side effects: priapism and drowsiness
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Nefazodone
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Antidepressant that inhibits 5-HT receptors and inhibits 5-HT and NE reuptake
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Venlafaxine
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Antidepressant that inhibits 5-HT and NE pumps as well as some inhibition of DA reuptake
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Bupropion
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Antidepressant with unknown action; dose dependant increase in seizures
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Amoxapine
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Metabolite of antipsychotic (loxapine) which also acts as an antidepressant
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Maprotiline
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Antidepressant that is a potent NE reuptake inhibitor
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Mirtazipine
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Antidepressant that is a 5-HT and alpha 2 antagonist; it also blocks H1 receptors and produces sedation and weight gain
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Fluoxetine
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SSRI antidepressant
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Sertraline
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SSRI antidepressant
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Paroxetine
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SSRI antidepressant
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Fluvoxamine
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SSRI antidepressant
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Lithium
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mood stabilizer used to prevent manic episodes; believed to decrease postsynaptic second messangers IP3 and DAG
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