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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Almost all giant cell arteritis pts. are above what age?
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50 y.o.
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One of the most common disseminated infections to show up at FUO is?
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Disseminated Tb
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The most common causative pathogen for bacterial meningitis is...
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Strep pneumoniae
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The most specific sign for establishing dx of sinusitis is?
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Maxillary opacity on transillumination
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What therapy covers the usual causes of sinusitis?
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Amoxicillin-clavulanate
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What are the most common pathogens for nosocomial, secondary infections (2)?
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Staph Aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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Top three causes for community acquired pneumonia
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Strep pneumo
Haemophilus influenzae Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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Top two causes for community acquired UTI
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E. Coli
Staph saprophyticus |
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Indwelling lines are RFs for what pathogens (3)?
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Staph
Candida Gram-negative rods |
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Bacteria that have beta-lactamases that are induced by cephalosporins
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SPACEY-M
Serratia Pseudomonas Acinetobacter Citrobacter Enterobacter Yersinia Morganella |
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Top 3 causes for HIV-associated FUO
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Tb
MAC PCP |
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3 most common causes of meningitis in 3 mo - 18 y.o pts.
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Strep pneumo
H. Influenzae N. meningitides |
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Treatment for meningitis in 3 mo - 18 y.o. pt.
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Cef3 + vancomycin
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4m ost common causes of meningitis in > 50 y.o. pts.
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Strep pneumo
N. meningitides L. monocytogenes Aerobic GNRs |
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Treatment for meningitis in > 50 y.o. pts.
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Cef3 + vancomycin + ampicillin
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Two most common causes for community acquired sinusitis
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Strep pneumo
H. Influenzae |
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Most specific sign for community-acquired sinusitis
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Maxillary toothache
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What type of cold is caused by influenza C?
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Afebrile, common colds
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Non-pulmonary complications of influenza include (3)
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Myositis
Myo-/pericarditis Reye's syndrome |
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What is Reye's syndrome?
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Fatty liver, w/ an encephalopathy
NOTE: this can be a complication of influenza |
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CNS side effects are most common w/ which anti-flu drug?
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Rimantidine
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Which has more side effects in treating flu?
NA inhibitors or M2 inhibitors |
M2 inhibitors
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Pneumonia in the elderly or COPD pts. if often assoc. w/ which pathogen?
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M. Catarrhalis
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Pneumonia w/ necrosis w/ cavitation suggests which pathogens (3)?
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Staph aureus
K. pneumoniae S. pneumoniae |
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Bilateral, diffuse infiltrate in pneumonia suggests what etiology?
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Viral
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How is Hep A transmitted?
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Fecal-oral route
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Which hepatitis is the only one that causes spiking fevers?
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Hep A
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What is usually the first symptom of Hep A?
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Dark urine
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How is Hep B transmitted?
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Blood, sexual contact
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What is the incubation for Hep B?
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3 - 6 months
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What is the incubation of Hep A?
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2 - 7 weeks
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What is used in chronic Hep B therapy (3)?
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Interferon-alpha
Lamivudine Adefovir |
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What is the incubation period for Hep C?
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~7 weeks
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How is Hep C transmitted?
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Blood, sexual contact
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Which genotype of Hep C is assoc. w/ a poor response to therapy?
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Genotype 1
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Which anti-microbials are used against peritonitis in CAPD (2)?
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Aminoglycoside + Vancomycin
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This vulvovaginal infection maintains normal pH
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Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
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Hallmark cell type of Bacterial Vaginosis
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Clue cell
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What is the mainstay of treatment for bacterial vaginosis?
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Metronidazole
Clindamycin |
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What replaces the lactobacilli in bacterial vaginosis?
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Gardnerella vaginali
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Large numbers of PMNs in a bacterial vaginosis case may indicate what?
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A coincident vaginal process
BV discharge usually contains very few PMN |
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Involvement of what differentiates candidiasis from tinea infection?
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The scrotum
Candidiasis frequently involves the scrotum Tinea does not |
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How is trichomoniasis treated?
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Metronidazole
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Types of HPV assoc. w/ genital warts
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6 and 11
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Preferred treatment for chancroid (3)?
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Ceftriaxone
Fluoroquinolones New macrolides |
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What anti-microbial should syphilis pts. NOT be treated w/?
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Erythromycin
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Below what level of CD4 is AIDS defined?
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< 200
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Advanced AIDS is below what level of CD4?
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< 50
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Average rate of decline in CD4 count in AIDS
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50 per year
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What 4 interventions have been proven to prolong survivial in AIDS?
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Anti-retroviral therapy
Pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis MAC prophylaxis Care by HIV-experienced provider |
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What is the HIV serology often at during Acute Retroviral syndrome?
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Negative
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What is the prophylactic therapy for PCP?
When is it given to AIDS pts.? |
TMP/SX 3x/week
At CD4 levels < 200 |
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What is the prophylactic treatment for Tb?
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INH for 9 months
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What is the prophylactic treatment for Toxoplasmosis?
When is it given to AIDS pts.? |
TMP/SX
When CD4 levels are < 100 |
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What is the prophylactic treatment for MAC?
When is it given to AIDS pts.? |
Clarithromycin daily OR Azithromycin weekly
When CD4 levels are < 50 |
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For what CD4 levels, would you treat an asymptomatic AIDS pt.?
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CD4 200 - 350
> 350, treatment is often deferred |
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What is a side effect that is common to all PIs in the treatment of AIDS?
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Can alter lipids to a variable degree
Raises concern of accelerated atherogenesis |
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What is almost always elevated in PCP infection in AIDS?
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Serum LDH
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What is the most common meningeal process complicating AIDS?
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Cryptococcal meningitis
NOTE: CSF protein is elevated, and glucose is decreased |
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What is the triad of HIV encephalitis?
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Cognitive, motor and behavioral dysfunction
NOTE: this is often afebrile NOTE: CSF is often normal |
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What is the most common focal CNS process in AIDS?
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Toxoplasmosis
NOTE: often presents as multiple lesions on CT |
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What is the most common cause of FUO in AIDS pts. w/ CD4 < 100?
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MAC
NOTE: antiretroviral therapy can cause fever and myopathy |
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Common cause of chronic diarrhea in AIDS pts.
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Cryptosporidiosis
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Pathogens assoc. w/ hematologic spread osteomyo in infants (3)
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Staph aureus
Group B strep E. Coli |
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Pathogens assoc. w/ hematologic spread osteomyo in children > 1 y.o. (3)
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Staph aureus
Group A strep H. influenzae |
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Pathogen assoc. w/ osteomyo assoc. w/ punctures through athlethic shoes
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Tertian or quartan fever pattern suggests what diagnosis?
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Malaria
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Pulse-temperature deficit is a classic finding in what?
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Typhoid fever
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A diseease that begins a week or more after a traveler leaves is NOT what?
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Dengue fever
Dengue has a short incubation period of 5 - 7 days |
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Majority of cases of non-inflammatory diarrhea are caused by what?
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ETEC
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What types of agents are contraindicated in bacterial dysentery?
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Anti-motility agents
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What pathogens are assoc. w/ bacterial dysentery (6)?
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Campylobacter
Shigella EIEC Salmonella Yersinia Entamoeba histolytica |
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What is the recommended treatment in amoebic colitis?
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Metronidazole
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Prolonged diarrhea of more than two weeks duration raises the possibility of what?
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Giardia
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Greater than this induration of a Tb test is considered positive for anyone
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> 15 mm
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Who gets treated for a Tb reaction of > 5mm?
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HIV positive pts.
Recent close contact cases Immunosuppressed |
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4 indications for baseline LFTs in Tb situation
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HIV
Liver disease Alcoholism Pregnancy |
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What is the most common form of extrapulmonary Tb?
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Tb lymphadenitis
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Tb lymphadenitis most often involves which nodes?
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Cervical
Supraclavicular |
