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43 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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cimetidine
ranitidine (famotidine, nizatidine) |
clas: histamine H2 antagonist
treats: ulcer, hyper HCL secretion, GERD mechanism: H2 antagonist at parietal cell sx: diarrhea, dizzy, rash, headache cimetidine - may inhibit CYP450 enzymes ranitidine - stronger than cimetidine |
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omeprazole
(lansoprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole) |
class: PPI (proton pump inhibitor)
treat: GERD, ulcer, hyper HCL secretion mechanism: block parietal cell HKATPase sx: constipation, may inhibit CYP450 |
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metaclopramide
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type: prokinetic, 5HT3 antagonist, 5HT4 agonist
treat: GERD, nausea mechanism: 5HT3 antagonist (sensory), 5HT4 agonist (motor) sx: diarrhea, drowsy |
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erythromycin
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class: motilin agonist
mechanism: inhibit bacteria protein synthesis; stimulates GI motility |
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ondansetron
granisetron |
class: 5HT3 antagonist (sensory)
treat: nausea/vomiting from chemo mechanism: 5HT3 antagonist (sensory) sx: headache, constipation |
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atropine
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class: muscarinic antagonist
mechanism: decreased motility, tachycardia, bronchodilation sx: dry mouth, urine retention |
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buspirone
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class: 5HT1A agonist
mechanism: relaxes stomach > can accomodate more food |
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fluoxetine
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class: SSRI antidepressant
treat: depression mechanism: serotonin reuptake inhibitor sx: GI discomfort |
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neostigmine
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class: cholinesterase inhibitor
sx: bowel cramps, diarrhea |
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octreotide
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class: somatostatin analogue
mechanism: anti-diarrhea, inhibit HCL/pepsin secretion; reduce GI motility |
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sumatriptan
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class: 5HT1 agonist
mechanism: fundus relaxation, reduce antral motility |
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sucralfate
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complex with proteins > buffers acid and protects ulcers
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misoprostal
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PGE1 analogue
prevents ulcers |
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oxybutynin
tolterodine darifenacin fesoterodine |
anticholinergic, antimuscarinic
relax bladder muscle treat: urge to void, hyper detrusor sx: anticholinergic (headache, sleepy, constipation) |
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tamulosin
terazosin doxazosin prazosin |
alpha1 antagonist
relax internal sphincter > improve urine flow treat: BPH obstruction, urgency sx: orthostatic hypotension |
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finasteride
dutasteride |
5-alpha reductase inhibitor
competitive inhibitor; finasteride (type II), dutasteride (type I and II) reduce prostate growth in BPH |
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sildenafil
vardenafil tadalafil |
vasodilators to treat erectile dysfunction
inhibits PDE5 > less cGMP degradation> cGMP maintains SMC relaxation (erection) sx: headache, flushing |
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probenecide
sulfinpyrazone |
weak acids, competitively inhibit reabsorption of uric acid in the kidney
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metformin
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inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis by activating insulin-activated enzymes
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glitazone
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decreases insulin resistance, acts at the muscle
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allopurinol
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inhibits purine degradation (xanthine oxidase) through competitive inhibition
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colchicine
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inhibits microtubule functions, so cells (eg inflammatory) cannot migrate and cause arthritissx: GI toxicity
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ezetimibe
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lowers cholesterol by blocking reabsorption at enterocyte level
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niacin
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increases HDL, decreases fatty acid by blocking breakdown to fats/VLDL
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aminopterin
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competitive inhibiter of DHF reductase; anti-cancer
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methotrexade
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competitive inhibitor of DHF reductase; anti-cancer
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trimethoprim
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inhibitor of bacterial DHF reductase
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sulfonamide
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mimics PABA (bacterial precursor for synthesizing folic acid), so will inhibit folic acid synthesis
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cobalamin
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vitamin B12
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acyclovir
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purine analogue, only activated in cells with HSV; inhibits DNA polymerase
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AZT
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pyrimidine analogue, inhibits viral DNA polymerase
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cytosine arabinose
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cytosine analogue, inhibits DNA polymerase
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6-mercaptopurine
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converted to nucleotide form, but this form inhibits DNA synthesis
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levothyroxine
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T4, thyroxine
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SERM
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selective estrogen receptor modulator, agonist/antagonist function depends on type of tissue; commonly used to treat breast cancer by blocking estrogen receptor
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tamoxifin
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SERM-class drug, block estrogen receptor
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raloxifene
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SERM-class drug, block estrogen receptor
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aromatase inhibitor
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block conversion of weak estrogen to estradiol; role against breast cancer; only effective in post-menopause females because will cause ovulation; only functions at peripheral tissues
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preven
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high E2/PRG, 2x dose
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plan b
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high PRG, 2x dose
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ru-486
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progesterone antagonist > binds to prg receptors > causes abortion
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depoprovera
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progesterone injection; 3mo
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implanon
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progesterone implantation; 3yr
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