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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Two criteria needed for physical dependence
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Tolerance
Physiological withdrawal |
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Pharmacokinetic tolerance
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Catabolizing enzymes lead to a reduction of drug concentration
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Pharmacodynamic tolerance
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Receptor/Effector desensitization
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"Reverse tolerance"
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When you become sensitized to a drug
Due to more spaced administration |
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Location and action of 5-HT1 receptor
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Pre-synaptic
Inhibits cAMP accumulation |
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Location and action of 5-HT2 receptor
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Post-synaptic
Stimulates IP3 and DAG |
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Location and action of 5-HT3 receptor
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Post-synaptic
Opens a cation channel Increases DA release |
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Location and action of 5-HT4 receptor
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Post-synaptic
Increase cAMP |
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Effects of psychedelics @ LOW dose
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Heightened arousal
Increased acuity of personal insight |
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Effects of psychedelics @ HIGH dose
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Sensory distortions
Hallucinations Sensory "crossover" |
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Receptor activity of LSD
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Interacts w/ ALL 5-HT subtype
(MOST POTENTLY W/ 5-HT2) |
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What may cause LSD flashbacks?
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Long-lasting depression of cortical 5-HT2 function
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Names of the two substituted tyramines
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Psilocybin
Dimethyltrypatmine |
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What does 3,4 MDA generalize to? Why is this odd?
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Cocaine OR LSD
Weird because neither cocaine nor LSD generalize to one another |
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Worriesome effects of MDMA (3)
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Neurotoxicity to 5-HT neurons
(use correlates w/ loss of pre-synaptic 5-HT transport) Hepatotoxicity (hepatic necrosis) Serotonin syndrome |
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What is candylfipping?
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Combining LSD and MDMA (ecstasy)
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Which isomers of methoxayamphetamines are more potent?
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S-isomers
Note: this is the opposite of how it is for amphetamines |
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What is the PRINCIPAL mechanism of PCP?
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Non-competitive blockade of NMDA receptors
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Beyond NMDA blockade, what other effects does PCP have?
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Dopaminergic
Barbiturate-like "Sigma opiate" (naloxone-insensitive) |
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What are hashish and bhang?
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More purified forms of THC (up to 60%)
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What is the CB1 receptor?
Where is it present in highest levels? |
Cannabinoid receptor in the brain
Forebrain dopamine areas |
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What is anandamide?
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Endogenous ligand for CB1 receptor
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What is the CB2 receptor?
What does it do? |
Cannabinoid receptor in the periphery
Modulates immune functions |
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What are the effects of LOW doses of THC?
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Relaxation
Distortion of time |
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What are the effects of HIGH doses of THC?
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Impairment of cognitive function & memory
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What are the effects of EVEN HIGHER doses of THC?
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Depersonalization
Hallucinations |
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What are other, potentially beneficial effects of THC (4)?
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Good bronchodilator (but, toxic to resp. epithelium)
Lowers inta-ocular pressure Anti-emetic Anti-nociceptive |
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What are the main adverse effects of THC (4)?
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Decrease prolactin levels in women
Reduces sperm motility in men Causes death of hippocampal neurons Causes programmed death of immune cells |
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Does THC reinforce self-administration?
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NO
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Do cocaine and amphetamines reinforce self-adminstration?
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YES
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What is the mechanism of cocaine?
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Blocks DA and NE uptake
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How is the mechanism of methamphetamine different than that of cocaine?
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Also blocks DA and NE uptake
BUT, releases DA by NON-Ca-dependent process |
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How can behavioral effects of cocaine/methamphetamine be blocked (3)?
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Treatment w/ neuroleptics
Depletion of brain DA Neuroleptic injection into nucleus accumbens |
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How can cocaine/methamphetamine addiction be treated (3)?
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DA agonists
TCAs Opiate antagonists |
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What can GHB act as (2)?
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Strength enhancer
Tranquilizer |
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What potential medical use may GHB have?
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Treating alcoholism
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What is GBL?
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Precursor to GHB
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