Block 3 - Pd: Evaluation Of The Abdomen

Front 1

What are the 4 general steps for initial evalution of the abdomen?

Back 1

Look
Listen
Feel
Percuss

Front 2

What is another name for the hypogastric region?

Back 2

Suprapubic

Front 3

The mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, sigmoid, and anus all make up the:

Back 3

Alimentary tract

Front 4

Where does the alimentary tract start and end?

Back 4

Starts at the mouth and ends at the anus
(Approx. 27 feet long)

Front 5

What are the functions of the alimentary tract?

Back 5

Ingest and digest food
Absorb nutrients, electrolytes and water
Excrete waste

Front 6

What structures are found in the RUQ?

Back 6

Liver
Gallbladder
Pylorus
Duodenum
Pancreas: head
Right adrenal gland
Right kidney: upper pole
Hepatic flexure
Ascending and transverse colons: portions

Front 7

What structures are found in the LUQ?

Back 7

Liver: left lobe
Spleen
Stomach
Pancreas: body
Left adrenal gland
Left kidney: upper pole
Splenic flexure
Transverse and descending colons: portions

Front 8

What structures are found in the RLQ?

Back 8

Right kidney: lower pole
Cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon: portion
Right ovary
Right fallopian tube
Right ureter
Right spermatic cord
Uterus (if enlarged)
Bladder (if enlarged)

Front 9

What structures are found in the LLQ?

Back 9

Left kidney: lower pole
Sigmoid colon
Descending colon: portion
Left ovary
Left fallopian tube
Left ureter
Left spermatic cord
Uterus (if enlarged)
Bladder (if enlarged)

Front 10

What should you inspect on the abdomen?

Back 10

Skin
Shape (distention)
Symmetry
Masses
Scars
Hernias
Venous pattern
Aortic pulsations

Front 11

Which quadrant should you listen for bowel sounds in?

Back 11

All 4 quadrants

Front 12

What part of the stethoscope should you listen for vascular sounds (bruits) with?

Back 12

the bell

Front 13

What arteries can you listen to in the abdomen?

Back 13

Aorta, renal arteries, iliac arteries, and femoral arteries

Front 14

What is the normal liver span at the midsternal line?

Back 14

4-8 cm

Front 15

What is the normal liver span at the right midclavicular line?

Back 15

6-12 cm

Front 16

What is it called when you use the pads of your fingers, either one or two handed technique to assess structures, rigidity, pain, organomegaly, guarding, rebound, and subcutaneous structures?

Back 16

Palpation

Front 17

Hepatomegaly is measured by what?

Back 17

Centimeters below the costal margin

Front 18

What should a finding of hepatomegaly lead to?

Back 18

Abdominal examination for fluid

Front 19

What is ascites?

Back 19

Ascites is free fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

Front 20

What is the most common cause of ascites?

Back 20

Portal hypertension

Front 21

Symptoms of ascites usually result from what?

Back 21

Abdominal distention

Front 22

A fluid wave in the abdomen will be apparent when there is what?

Back 22

Ascites

Front 23

When evaluating ascites in the RLD position, where will you find tympany and dullness?

Back 23

Dullness will be on inferior side laying down, while tympany will be on the superior side when laying down.

Front 24

What does RLD stand for?

Back 24

Right Lateral Decubitus

Front 25

How do you perform a test for rebound tenderness?

Back 25

On palpation of the abdomen, press down slowly then remove your hands quickly.
Watch the patient for signs of a distinct flinch upon brisk withdrawal of the examiner's hand, which signifies a positive test.

Front 26

Positive rebound tenderness implies __________________ and is indicative of an acute abdomen/perforation.

Back 26

peritoneal inflammation (peritonitis)

Front 27

Name it:
Right lower quadrant tenderness half way between the umbilicus and the ASIS

Back 27

McBurney’s Sign

Front 28

Name it:
Pain felt in the right lower quadrant with palpation of the left lower quadrant.

Back 28

Rovsing sign

Front 29

Name it:
An increase in pain from passive extension of the right hip joint that stretches the iliopsoas muscle.

Back 29

Psoas sign

Front 30

Name it:
Pain caused by passive internal rotation of the flexed thigh.

Back 30

Obturator sign

Front 31

Name it:
An involuntary contraction of the abdominal muscles that is slightly slower and more sustained than the rapid, voluntary flinch exhibited by sensitive or anxious patients.

Back 31

Guarding

Front 32

Name it:
Deep inspiration exacerbates the pain during palpation of the right upper quadrant and halts inspiration.

Back 32

Murphy's sign

Front 33

Name some classical findings in acute appendicytis/cholecystitis.

Back 33

McBurney's sign, Rovsing sign, Psoas sign, Obturator sign, Guarding, and Murphy's sign.

Front 34

What is gas generated in or expelled from the digestive tract, especially the stomach or intestines called?

Back 34

Flatus

Front 35

What is the act or an instance of belching called?

Back 35

Eructation

Front 36

What is the act of vomiting called?

Back 36

Emesis

Front 37

What is the passage of stools containing blood called?

Back 37

Hematochezia

Front 38

What is the passage of black, tarry stools composed largely of blood that has been acted on by gastric juices, indicative of bleeding in the upper digestive tract?

Back 38

Melena

Front 39

Name a particular appearance of vomit. Blood contains iron within heme molecules in red blood cells. When this iron has been exposed to gastric acid for some time, it becomes oxidized. It is a classic sign of upper gastro-intestinal bleeding.

Back 39

Coffee ground emesis

Front 40

What is the term for intestinal obstruction or severe constipation.

Back 40

Obstipation

Front 41

What is the term for a painful spasm of the anal sphincter accompanied by an urgent desire to evacuate the bowel or bladder and involuntary straining that results in the passing of little or no matter?

Back 41

Tenesmus

Front 42

What is the enfolding of one segment of the intestine within another? It is characterized and initially presents with recurring attacks of cramping abdominal pain that gradually become more painful.

Back 42

Intussusception

Front 43

What does N/V/D/C stand for?

Back 43

Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea/Constipation

Front 44

What is persistent, unexplained crying in a healthy baby between two weeks and five months of age?

Back 44

Colic

Front 45

What is excessive discharge of fat in the feces, as occurring in pancreatic disease and in malabsorption syndromes?

Back 45

Steatorrhea

Front 46

What is the name for a rumbling noise produced by the movement of gas through the intestines?

Back 46

Borborygmus

Front 47

What is the name for difficulty in swallowing or inability to swallow?

Back 47

Dysphagia

Front 48

What is a dysphagia in which swallowing causes pain?

Back 48

Odynophagia

Front 49

What is the term for "boat-shaped?"

Back 49

Scaphoid

Front 50

What is the name of weight loss, wasting of muscle, loss of appetite, and general debility that can occur during a chronic disease?

Back 50

Cachexia

Front 51

What is the term for abnormal twisting of the intestine causing obstruction?

Back 51

Volvulus

Front 52

What is the term for excessive or abnormal thirst?

Back 52

Polydipsia