Block 3 Lungs

Front 1

What divides the pleural cavities into 2 separate cavities?

Back 1

Mediastinum

Front 2

Branches of trachea

Back 2

1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary

Front 3

Relationship of pleural linings

Back 3

Continuous

Front 4

Pleural cavity is a ______ space

Back 4

Potential

Front 5

What secretes the lubricating substance for between the layers of the pleura?

Back 5

Parietal pleura cells

Front 6

What aids in O2 removal from pleural cavity

Back 6

Parietal pleura cells

Front 7

How lungs stay expanded

Back 7

Lungs are made of elastic fibers, the negative pressure in pleural cavity allows for their expantion

Front 8

Name of parietal pleura adjacent to
-diaphragm
-Lateral thoracic wall
-Sternum/medial

Back 8

-Diaphragmatic pleura
-Costal
-Mediastinal

Front 9

Cupola

Back 9

Top of parietal pleura (at apex of lung)

Front 10

Outermost layer of lung formed by _____

Back 10

visceral layer

Front 11

Recesses formed when

Back 11

Parietal pleura meets parietal pleura; lung doesn't expand in some places

Front 12

Recesses (names)

Back 12

2 costodiaphragmatic
2 costomediastinal

Front 13

Most common complication of central line

Back 13

Pneumothorax caused by perforating apex of lung as it comes over 1st rib (only anteriorly)

Front 14

Root of the lung

Back 14

Trachea/lung junction

Front 15

Largest recess

Back 15

Poserior diaphragmatic recess

Front 16

Angle of normal recess

Back 16

Sharp

Front 17

Normal right hemidiaphragm in relation to left

Back 17

Higher

Front 18

What is a pleural effusion

Back 18

Escape of fluid into the pleural cavity

Front 19

Signs of pleural effusion
-Angle
-Fluid line

Back 19

-Blunted
-Seen clearly, lung floating on top

Front 20

Body position (xray) to see if fluid is in or around lung

Back 20

lateral decubitus

Front 21

Pulmonary infiltrate

Back 21

Fluid within the lungs, in the aveolar spaces

Front 22

Treatment of pleural effusion

Back 22

Draing

Front 23

Causes of pulmonary infiltrate

Back 23

Blockage of something in lung
Malignancy
Infection

Front 24

Treatment of pulmonary infiltrate

Back 24

Cannot drain

Front 25

Pneumothorax

Back 25

Entry of air into pleural cavity, resulting in partial collapse of lung

Front 26

Hydrothorax

Back 26

Accumulation of significant amount of fluid in pleural cavity

Front 27

Something you'll see in a normal chest xray of lungs, but not in a pneumothorax

Back 27

Vessels

Front 28

Types of pneumothorax

Back 28

Simple
Tension

Front 29

Characteristics of simple pneumothorax

Back 29

1. Ipsilateral decrease in breath
2. Respiratory distress
3. Medistinal shift toward pneumothorax side
4. Exaggerated dome of diaphragm

Front 30

Causes of simple pneumothorax

Back 30

1. Hole in parietal pleura from penetrating trauma
2. Rib fracture of parietal pleura
3. Hole in visceral pleural

Front 31

Instances of visceral hole besides trauma
1.
2.

Back 31

1. Emphysema developing blebs
2. Tall, slender young athletes developing blebs which burst

Front 32

Characteristics of a tension pneumothorax

Back 32

1. Ipislateral decrease in breath sounds
2. Respiratory distress
3. Mediastinal shift away from pneumothorax
4. Flattened hemidiaphragm
5. Falling BP with increasing pulse
6. Cause of PEA
7. Dead

Front 33

PEA

Back 33

Pulseless electrical activity

Front 34

Characteristics of pleural interruption of tension pneumo

Back 34

Ruptured with a flap left, not just hole

Front 35

How tension pneumo develops

Back 35

Breath in, air escapes
Breath out, flap closes, trapping air in cavity

Front 36

Tension pneumo result on blood vessels

Back 36

Kink the superior vena cava & other vessels of the heart

Front 37

Location of chest tube
-Pneumo needed for

Back 37

Pleural cavity
-Simple

Front 38

Treatment of tension pneumo

Back 38

Dart

Front 39

Chest dart
-Placement
-Result

Back 39

2nd intercostal space
Releases air

Front 40

Bifurcation of trachea occurs where

Back 40

Angle of Louis

Front 41

Right main bronchus compared to left

Back 41

Shorter
Straighter
Wider

Front 42

Aspirated objects go to which side of respiratory tree

Back 42

Right

Front 43

4 parts of respiratory tree

Back 43

Main bronchi
Lobar/secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Alveoli

Front 44

Number of lobar bronchi
-Left side
-Right side

Back 44

-2
-3

Front 45

Structure at tracheal bifurcation

Back 45

Carina

Front 46

What defines a bronchopulmonary segment

Back 46

Tertiary bronchi with it's paired a.

Front 47

When cartilaginous c shaped rings changes to plates

Back 47

Secondary & tertiary bronchi

Front 48

Eparterial bronchus
-AKA
-Location
-Why it's special

Back 48

Right superior bronchus
Right lung, upper lobe
-only bronchus superior to the pulmonary trunk a.

Front 49

Lobes of right lung

Back 49

Upper
Middle
Lower

Front 50

Lobes of left lung

Back 50

Upper
Lower

Front 51

Upper & middle lobe of right lung separated by

Back 51

Transverse fissure

Front 52

Middle & lower lobe of R lung separated by

Back 52

Oblique fissure

Front 53

What separates the upper and lower lobes of the L lung

Back 53

Oblique fissure

Front 54

Where is the cardiac notch located

Back 54

Left upper lobe

Front 55

What is associated with cardiac notch

Back 55

Lingula

Front 56

X ray position to tell lobes apart

Back 56

Lateral

Front 57

Posterior aspect is mostly _____ lobe

Back 57

Upper

Front 58

Root of the lung called

Back 58

Hilum

Front 59

What a. & v. supply the lungs themselves

Back 59

Bronchiolar

Front 60

Pulmonary vessels in relation to bronchi
RA LS

Back 60

Right - anterior
Left Superior

Front 61

Pulmonary ligament

Back 61

Fold in pleura inferior to root of lung; as visceral pleura is trying to become parietal pleura

Front 62

Lymphatics of lungs are important because

Back 62

Cancer

Front 63

Lymph flow out of lungs is toward

Back 63

Hilum

Front 64

Sacral portion of craniosacral ANS parasympathetic innvervates

Back 64

Pelvic organs

Front 65

Cranial portion of craniosacral ANS parasympathetic innvervates

Back 65

chest/abdomen

Front 66

Cardiac ganglion

Back 66

ganglion related to the lungs (trachea, bronchi)

Front 67

___ branch of vagus n. supplies _____ to _____

Back 67

-Cardiac
-VE

Front 68

Roots supplying sympathetic pregangs to the lungs/heart

Back 68

T1-T4

Front 69

Path of sympathetics to heart & lungs (4 steps)

Back 69

1. Pregang enters SCG
2. Synapse
3. Postgang leaves SCG
4. Goes to heart and lungs

Front 70

Sympathetic nerves in the cardiac plexus are _____ ganglionic

Back 70

Post

Front 71

Parasympathetic nerves in the cardiac plexus are _____ ganglionic

Back 71

Pre

Front 72

Parasympathetics ____ diameter of airways

Back 72

Decrease

Front 73

Parasymathetics ____ glandular secretions

Back 73

Increase

Front 74

Sympathetics ____ diameter of airways

Back 74

Increase

Front 75

Symathetics ____ glandular secretions

Back 75

Decrease

Front 76

To open airways, give a ____ drug

Back 76

Sympathomimetic (mimics sympathetic NS)

Front 77

Blocking sympathetic tone will:

Back 77

Promote airway constriction

Front 78

To decrease secretions (allergic reaction, etc) give ____ drug

Back 78

Parasympatholytic (blocks parasympathetic)

Front 79

Beta is a ____- receptor

Back 79

Sympathetic

Front 80

Beta agonist would increase -____ NS, this ___ airways in asthmatic

Back 80

Sympathetic, increasing

Front 81

Albuterol
-Stimulates
-Results

Back 81

-Sympathetics
-Dilate bronchi & trachea

Front 82

Atrovent
-Inhibits
-Results

Back 82

-Parasympathetics (parasympatholytic)
-Decreases secretions

Front 83

Why use both abluterol and atrovent for asthma

Back 83

-Albuterol opens airways
-Atrovent reduces mucus secretion

Front 84

Function of epi pen

Back 84

Stimulates sympathetis to counter excess parasympathetic