Block 3

Front 1

Tumor derived from epithelial cells:

Back 1

Carcinoma.

Front 2

Tumor derived from mesenchymal cells:

Back 2

Sarcoma.

Front 3

Tumor derived from germ cells:

Back 3

Teratoma.

Front 4

Melanoma commonly spreads to the:

Back 4

Lungs.

Front 5

Prostate cancer commonly spreads to the:

Back 5

Bone.

Front 6

Colon cancer commonly spreads to the:

Back 6

Liver and pancreas.

Front 7

Overexpressed in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung, glioblastomas, head and neck tumors:

Back 7

ERBB1 (EGF receptor).

Front 8

Most commonly known oncogene in human tumors:

Back 8

RAS family.

Front 9

Neurofibromin belongs to this class of proteins:

Back 9

GAP family.

Front 10

This drug directly targets the BCR-ABL fusion protein:

Back 10

Imatinib.

Front 11

Inherited mutation in p53:

Back 11

Li-Fraumeni Syndrome.

Front 12

Overexpression of this gene causes rapid destruction/decreased activity of p53:

Back 12

MDM2.

Front 13

This microRNA is essential for the activity of p53:

Back 13

Mir34.

Front 14

FAP involves germline mutations in this gene:

Back 14

APC.

Front 15

APC regulates the stability and function of:

Back 15

B-catenin.

Front 16

This protein maintains activity of the RB checkpoint:

Back 16

p16/INK4a.

Front 17

This protein binds to and inhibitys MDM2, allowing activity of p53:

Back 17

p14/ARF.

Front 18

Autosomal dominant, germline mutations in PTEN:

Back 18

Codwen Syndrome.

Front 19

Upregulation of this is seen in nearly all types of cancers:

Back 19

Telomerase.

Front 20

Apoptosis stimulated by loss of adhesion:

Back 20

Anoikis.

Front 21

An ectopic rest of normal tissue:

Back 21

Choristoma.

Front 22

A mass of disorganized but mature specialized cells indigenous to a particular site:

Back 22

Hamartoma.

Front 23

The formation of an abundant collagenous stroma in response to tumor growth and invasion:

Back 23

Desmoplasia.

Front 24

One adult cell type is replaced by another:

Back 24

Metaplasia.

Front 25

Epithelial malingnacies usually metastasize through the:

Back 25

Lymphatics.

Front 26

Mesynchymal malignancies usually metastasize through the:

Back 26

Blood.

Front 27

Benign epithelial neoplasm:

Back 27

Adenoma.

Front 28

Malignant epithelial neoplasm:

Back 28

Carcinoma.

Front 29

Benign skin tumor:

Back 29

Nevus.

Front 30

Germ cell tumors:

Back 30

Teratoma.

Front 31

Benign tumor of the placenta:

Back 31

Hyatidiform mole.

Front 32

Malignant tumor of the placenta:

Back 32

Choriocarcinoma.

Front 33

Embryonic tumors:

Back 33

-blastoma.

Front 34

Antibody used to classify carcinomas:

Back 34

Cytokeratin.

Front 35

Antibody used to classify sarcomas:

Back 35

Vimentin.

Front 36

Antibody used to classify lymphomas:

Back 36

Leukocyte common antigen (CD45).

Front 37

S-100 protein, HMB-45 and Mart-1 are all used to classify:

Back 37

Melanomas.

Front 38

GFAP is used to identify:

Back 38

Gliomas.

Front 39

Chromogrannin and synaptophysin are both used to classify:

Back 39

Neuroendocrine tumors.

Front 40

These leukocytic neoplasms are increasing in incidence:

Back 40

Mature B-cell lymphomas.

Front 41

This translocation results in overexpression of Cyclin-D1:

Back 41

t(11;14).

Front 42

This translocation results in overexpression of Bcl-2:

Back 42

t(14;18).

Front 43

This translocation results in overexpression of MYC:

Back 43

t(8;14).

Front 44

This translocation is associated with Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL):

Back 44

t(11;14).

Front 45

This B-lineage lymphoma occurs more commonly in women:

Back 45

Follicular lymphoma.

Front 46

CD10+, CD5- is indicative of this B-lineage lymphoma:

Back 46

Follicular lymphoma.

Front 47

This translocation is associated with follicular lymphoma:

Back 47

t(14;18).

Front 48

This B-lineage lymphoma is associated with EBV infection:

Back 48

Burkitt's Lymphoma.

Front 49

Endemic Burkitt's will often present with:

Back 49

Large, rapidly growing tumors of the jaw.

Front 50

The starry sky appearance of histiocytes is characteristic of:

Back 50

Burkitt's Lymphoma.

Front 51

This trasnlocation is associated with Burkitt's Lymphoma:

Back 51

t(8;14).

Front 52

Pancytopenia or monocytopenia with dry tap:

Back 52

Hairy Cell Leukemia.

Front 53

TRAP stain, while not specific for, is often used in identifying:

Back 53

Hairy Cell Leukemia.

Front 54

This B-lineage lymphoma is indolent but often has very long remissions and does not usually kill its victims:

Back 54

Hairy Cell Leukemia.

Front 55

CRAB end-organ damage is associated with:

Back 55

Plasma cell myeloma.

Front 56

Plasma cell markers found in plasma cell myeloma:

Back 56

CD38, 138.

Front 57

The most common cutaneous T-cell lymphoma:

Back 57

Mycosis Fungoides.

Front 58

Pautrier microabcesses are characteristic of:

Back 58

Mycosis Fungoides.

Front 59

This can be passed through breast milk or blood products and is a contributory factor to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma:

Back 59

HTLV-1.

Front 60

Pautrier-like microabcesses are found in:

Back 60

Atult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.

Front 61

People with this T cell condition often succumb to opportunistic infections:

Back 61

Atult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.

Front 62

Cancer cells are ALK positive and CD3 negative in:

Back 62

Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma.

Front 63

This translocation causes up-regulation of ALK in Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma:

Back 63

t(2;5).

Front 64

B symptoms:

Back 64

Fever, night sweats, weight loss.

Front 65

Lymph node involvement in Hodgkin Lymphoma is usually in the:

Back 65

Cervical nodes.

Front 66

Popcorn cells are indicative of:

Back 66

Nodular LP Hodgkins.

Front 67

OCT-2 and BOB.1 positive:

Back 67

Nodular LP Hodgkins.

Front 68

CD30 and CD15 are markers of:

Back 68

Classic Hodgkins.

Front 69

The most common subtype of Classical Hodgkins:

Back 69

Nodular Sclerosis.

Front 70

The lacunar variant of Reed-Sternberg cells is usually found in this subtype of Classical HL:

Back 70

Nodular Sclerosis.

Front 71

Mediastinal disease is common in this subtype of Classical HL:

Back 71

Nodular Sclerosis.

Front 72

EBV is most commonly implicated in this subtype of Classical HL:

Back 72

Lymphocyte deplete.

Front 73

Every cell in this subtype of Classical HL is a RS cell or a variant:

Back 73

Lymphocyte deplete.

Front 74

This subtype of classical HL often presents with high-stage, bulky disease because it affects abdominal organs and other places that are out of sight:

Back 74

Lymphocyte delplete.

Front 75

These markers put cells into the myeloid group:

Back 75

CD13, CD33, CD34.

Front 76

This acute myeloid leukemia subtype is MPO, SBB negative and NPE negative:

Back 76

M0.

Front 77

Most common subtype of AML:

Back 77

M2.

Front 78

These subtypes of AML might present with bleeding gums:

Back 78

M5, M7.

Front 79

Replacement of CD34 with CD36 means a cell is:

Back 79

Monocytic or Monoblastic.

Front 80

Present on abnormal red cells, but absent on normal ones:

Back 80

PAS.

Front 81

A condition similar to this AML subtype occurs in Down syndrome;

Back 81

M7.

Front 82

A punctate dot on NSE stain is indicative of:

Back 82

Megakaryocytes.

Front 83

AML with t(8;21) resembles this subtype of AML:

Back 83

M2.

Front 84

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3) has this characteristic translocation:

Back 84

t(15;17).

Front 85

Faggot cells, also known as Sultan cells, are characteristic of:

Back 85

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3).

Front 86

This is treated with all-trans retinoic acid:

Back 86

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3).

Front 87

AML with inv(16) resembles this subtype of AML:

Back 87

M4.

Front 88

AML with t(9;11) resembles this subtype of AML:

Back 88

M5.

Front 89

DIC is common in this subtype of AML:

Back 89

M5.

Front 90

Precursor B Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma usually has a ________ presentation.

Back 90

Leukemic.

Front 91

Precursor T Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma usually has a ________ presentation.

Back 91

Lymphoma.

Front 92

This is a common feature of Precursor T Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma:

Back 92

Mediastinal mass.

Front 93

This drug inhibits the actions of BCR-Abl, PGDF, and C-kit:

Back 93

Gleevec (Imatinib).

Front 94

Bavacizumab inhibits:

Back 94

Angiogenesis.

Front 95

The fastest growing cancer in humans:

Back 95

ALL.

Front 96

Bone marrow biopsies are often taken from the:

Back 96

Poster Iliac Crest.

Front 97

This acute leukemia is more common in adults:

Back 97

Acute myeloid leukemia.

Front 98

This acute leukemia is more common in children:

Back 98

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Front 99

CD33 antibody approved for older adults with relapsed AML:

Back 99

Mylotarg.

Front 100

The only AML that needs maintenance therapy:

Back 100

Acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Front 101

R-CHOP adds this to conventional CHOP therapy for lymphoma:

Back 101

Rituximab (Anti-CD20).

Front 102

Hematopoietic stem cells are collected by:

Back 102

Apharesis.

Front 103

Targeted therapy for this leukemia includes Imatinib, dasatinib, and nalotinib:

Back 103

CML.

Front 104

Secretion of this by tumor cells can inihibit T cell immune response:

Back 104

TGF-B.

Front 105

Tumor antigens carried by heat shock proteins are taken up by:

Back 105

Dendritic cells.

Front 106

Antibody against CD20:

Back 106

Rituximab.

Front 107

Antibody against Her2/Neu:

Back 107

Trastuzumab.

Front 108

Antibody against CD52:

Back 108

Alemtuzumab.

Front 109

Antibody against EGFR:

Back 109

Cetruximab, panitumumab.

Front 110

Antibody against VEGF:

Back 110

Bavacizumab.

Front 111

Establishment of optimum dose occurs during which phase of clinical trials?

Back 111

Phase 2.

Front 112

A placebo is a __________ control.

Back 112

Negative.

Front 113

An approved and efficacious drug is a __________ control:

Back 113

Positive.

Front 114

Establishment of pharmacokinetics occurs during this phase of clinical trials:

Back 114

Phase I.

Front 115

Most solid tumors undergo ___________ growth:

Back 115

Gompertzian.

Front 116

A tumor is clinically undetectable until it has about ___ cells:

Back 116

10^9.

Front 117

Targeting microtubules in cancer therapy often causes:

Back 117

Neurotoxicity.

Front 118

Originates from a late-activated memory B cell:

Back 118

Hairy cell leukemia.

Front 119

B-cell condition associated with hyperviscosity:

Back 119

Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma.

Front 120

CRAB end-organ damage is associated with:

Back 120

Plasma cell Myeloma.

Front 121

This lymphocytic neoplasm is more common in Asia:

Back 121

Mature T-cell and NK cell lymphomas.

Front 122

Cytokine-related symptoms are often found at the diagnosis of:

Back 122

T-lineage lymphomas.

Front 123

This translocation is associated with ALK up-regulation in anaplastic large cell lymphoma:

Back 123

t(2;5).

Front 124

Immunophenotype for nodular LP Hodgkins is positive for:

Back 124

CD45, CD20.

Front 125

What is unique about the age distribution of classical HL?

Back 125

It is bimodal.

Front 126

Immunophenotypic markers for classical HL:

Back 126

CD30, CD15.

Front 127

Normal flora in gut, causes gas gangrene in wounds:

Back 127

Clostridium perfringens.

Front 128

Commonly found as 'clusters of grapes:'

Back 128

Staph aureus.

Front 129

The key component of LPS for signalling:

Back 129

Lipid A.

Front 130

This part LPS of Gram (-) bacteria is essential for bacterial growth:

Back 130

Lipid A.

Front 131

Thick, waxy cell walls; also known as acid-fast bactera:

Back 131

Mycobacteria.

Front 132

Don't have cell walls; don't stain by Gram stain:

Back 132

Mycoplasmas.

Front 133

The most common genetic disorder in the US:

Back 133

Hemochromatosis.

Front 134

Flagellar rotation is powered by:

Back 134

The PMF (H+).

Front 135

In spirochetes, flagella and chemotaxis are essential for:

Back 135

Virulence.

Front 136

Converts superoxide to hydrogen peroxide:

Back 136

SOD.

Front 137

Converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen:

Back 137

Catalase.

Front 138

These bacteria can make anything necessary from one carbon source and other inorganics:

Back 138

Prototrophs.

Front 139

Strains of bacteria that require an added growth factor:

Back 139

Auxotrophs.

Front 140

Highly dehydrated; don't metabolize:

Back 140

Spore.

Front 141

The best means of killing a spore:

Back 141

Steam.

Front 142

This is the target of fluoroquinolone antibiotics:

Back 142

DNA gyrase.

Front 143

Bacteria can replicate about ____ nucleotides per second.

Back 143

1000.

Front 144

This portion of RNA polymerase recognizes promotor sequences:

Back 144

Sigma factor.

Front 145

This helps recruit RNA polymerase to the lac promoter:

Back 145

CRP-cAMP.

Front 146

Bacterial virulence factors are controlled by:

Back 146

Two-component systems.

Front 147

Control of transcription after initiation:

Back 147

Attenuation.

Front 148

Example of a ribosomal protein which uses autoregulation:

Back 148

S20.

Front 149

Rough mutants that lack capsule are:

Back 149

Avirulent.

Front 150

Plasmids do not contain:

Back 150

Genes necessary for viability.

Front 151

Methylates GATC sites:

Back 151

Dam.

Front 152

Corrects the effect of the original mutation giving a wild phenotype:

Back 152

Supressor mutation.

Front 153

Prototype for penicillinase-resistant penicillins:

Back 153

Methicillin.

Front 154

1st gen Ceph used for Gram + that have PBP 3:

Back 154

Cefazolin.

Front 155

2nd Gen Ceph usedn in OBGYN for anaerobe coverage:

Back 155

Cefoxitin.

Front 156

S. aureus is Gram:

Back 156

Positive.

Front 157

3rd Gen Ceph; crosses BBB and more powerful against Gram -:

Back 157

Ceftriaxone.

Front 158

4th Gen Ceph; covers S. aureus:

Back 158

Cefipime.

Front 159

Clavulanate, sulbactam, and tazobactam are all:

Back 159

Suicide molecules.

Front 160

The prototype aminoglycoside:

Back 160

Streptomycin.

Front 161

Streptomycin is rarely used because it is highly:

Back 161

Ototoxic and nephrotoxic.

Front 162

Aminoglycosides are usually paired with:

Back 162

B-lactams.

Front 163

A patient should not take oral preps of this class of drugs with milk:

Back 163

Tetracyclines.

Front 164

This class is commonly used as a substitute for those allergic to penicilins:

Back 164

Macrolides (-thromycins).

Front 165

This class is often used for UTIs and STDs:

Back 165

Fluoroquinolones.

Front 166

blocks cell wall transpeptidization by binding to the D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of peptidoglycan pentapeptide :

Back 166

Vancomycin.

Front 167

Last line treatment for MRSA infection:

Back 167

Vancomycin.

Front 168

Competitive inhibitor of PABA in folate synthesis:

Back 168

Sulfamethoxazole.

Front 169

These two drugs used together produce a cidal-static antagonism:

Back 169

Penicillin and tetracycline.

Front 170

This drug targets c-Kit, BCR-Abl, and PDGF:

Back 170

Imatinib.

Front 171

This drug targets EGF in breast cancer:

Back 171

Trastuzumab.

Front 172

Most allogenic transplants are done for:

Back 172

AML.

Front 173

Electroporation is a method used to cause:

Back 173

Transformation.

Front 174

Transfer of DNA between bacteria mediated by a bacterial virus:

Back 174

Transduction.

Front 175

Drug resistance genes are assembled onto broad host range plasmids through the action of:

Back 175

Transposable elements.

Front 176

Two IS elements acting as one unit move themselves plus the intervening DNA:

Back 176

Transposon.

Front 177

Neuroblastomas often have amplification of:

Back 177

n-Myc.

Front 178

Most common site of neuroblastoma:

Back 178

Adrenal medulla.

Front 179

Homer-Write pseudorosettes are present in:

Back 179

Neuroblastomas.

Front 180

Related to p53 mutations and resistance to chemotherapy:

Back 180

Wilms' Tumor.

Front 181

Two genes mutated in WAGR:

Back 181

WT1, PAX6.

Front 182

Characterized by germiline abnormalities of WT1, gonadal dysgenesis and nephropathy:

Back 182

Denys-Drash syndrome.

Front 183

Characterized by enlargement of body organs, macroglossia, hemihypertrophy and mutation of WT2 gene:

Back 183

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.

Front 184

HNPCC and Xeroderma pigmentosum are both caused by defects in:

Back 184

DNA repair.

Front 185

Food contaminant associated with hepatocellular carcinoma that produces a characteristic signature mutation in p53:

Back 185

Aflatoxin B1.

Front 186

Principal points of physiologic resistance to blood flow:

Back 186

Arterioles.

Front 187

Weibel-Palade bodies are found in:

Back 187

Endothelial cells.

Front 188

This principally affects arteries of the head:

Back 188

Giant cell (temporal) arteritis.

Front 189

This is basically giant cell arteritis in younger people (<40):

Back 189

Takayasu arteritis.

Front 190

Takayasu arteritis is also known as:

Back 190

Pulseless disease.

Front 191

The treatment of choice for Takayasu and Giant cell arteritis:

Back 191

Corticosteroids.

Front 192

This arteritis affects the medium and small arteries of young adults; can be associated with hepatitis B:

Back 192

Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN).

Front 193

This condition affects infants and young children; characterized by arteritis of the coronary arteries:

Back 193

Kawasaki disease.

Front 194

Segmental transmural necrotizing inflammation can be seen in:

Back 194

Polyarteritis Nodosa and Microscopic Polyangitis.

Front 195

This immunological reaction affects arterioles, capillaries, and venules; presents as palpable purpura with p-ANCA common:

Back 195

Microscopic Polyangitis.

Front 196

This condition presents with necrotizing lesions of the kidneys and the upper and lower respiratory tracts; most commonly affects middle aged men:

Back 196

Wegener's Granulomatosis.

Front 197

Acute inflammation of the medium to small arteries; severe pain with skin lesions:

Back 197

Thromboangitis Obliterans (Buerger).

Front 198

A port-wine stain is a type of :

Back 198

Nevus flammeus.

Front 199

Vascular proliferation due to opportunistic infections in immunocompromised persons:

Back 199

Bacillary angiomatosis.

Front 200

The majority of lesions in Kaposi Sarcoma are due to:

Back 200

Herpes virus 8.

Front 201

Calcific sclerosis of arteries is referred to as:

Back 201

Monckeberg medial sclerosis.

Front 202

Two types of arteriolosclerosis:

Back 202

Hyaline and hyperplastic.

Front 203

Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis is usually seen with:

Back 203

Malignant hypertension.

Front 204

This type of arteriosclerosis is common in elderly and diabetics:

Back 204

Hyaline.

Front 205

This STD can cause an aneurysm:

Back 205

Syphilis.

Front 206

Infection of a major artery that weakens the wall:

Back 206

Mycotic aneurysm.

Front 207

This occurs most frequently in hypertensive males between 40 and 60 years of age:

Back 207

Aortic dissection.

Front 208

People suffering from this might often present with sudden onset of excruciating pain beginning in the anterior chest and radiating to the back:

Back 208

Aortic dissection.

Front 209

In giant cell arteritis, granulomatous inflammation is primarily on the:

Back 209

Internal elastic lamina.

Front 210

This affects the arterioles, capillaries and venules:

Back 210

Microscopic polyangitis.

Front 211

Associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis, and has eosinophils and granulomas:

Back 211

Churg-Straus.

Front 212

Peripheral neuropathy is a common feature of this vasculitis:

Back 212

Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN).

Front 213

Hep B is commonly associated with this vasculitis:

Back 213

PAN.

Front 214

Seen in young male smokers; ischemia and claudication of the hands and feet:

Back 214

Buerger's (Thromboangitis obliterans).