Block 3

Front 1

Optic cups

Back 1

Double walled secondary optic vesicles

Front 2

Inner wall of the optic cup

Back 2

Part of optic cup/secondary optic vesicle that forms the light-sensitive sensory retina

Front 3

Outer wall of optic cup

Back 3

Part of the optic cup that thins to a single layer, the retinal pigment epithelium

Front 4

Outer layer/outersegment

Back 4

Rods and cones are located in what segment of the optic cup

Front 5

Lateral geniculate body

Back 5

The axon of ganglion cells transmit thr graded potentials to the?

Front 6

Bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells

Back 6

Graded Electrical potentials from the rods and cones are modulated and amplified by?

Front 7

Retinal pigment epithelium

Back 7

Clumps of the old cone disks are phagocytosed by?

Front 8

1. Central portion (macula)

2. 4 peripheral quadrants

Back 8

Sensory retina may be divided into? (2)

Front 9

4 peripheral quadrants

Back 9

Fxn in spatial orientation, reduced light (scotopic visions), ROD photoreceptors are most common and fxn in dim illumination

Front 10

(central portion) Macula

Back 10

Contains the fovea centralis that fxns in photopic vision

Front 11

Fovea centralis

Back 11

Pit in the retina w/c the innermost layers of the retina are displaced so that light falls directly upon the cone photoreceptors w/out traversing the inner layers

Front 12

1

Back 12

How many cones dies the center of fovea centalis have?

Front 13

Faveola

Back 13

Center of fovea centralis

Front 14

Fovea centralis

Back 14

Fxn in bright illumination (photopic), form vision and colo vision

Front 15

-Choriocapillaris

-branches of the central retinal artery

Back 15

Blood supply for the retina

Front 16

Choriocapillaries

Back 16

Bld supply that nurtures the retinal pigment epithelium and the outer portion of the sensory retina adjcacent to the choroid

Front 17

Branches of the central retinal artery

Back 17

Supplies the inner half of the retina

Front 18

Central retinal artery

Back 18

1st branch of the opthalmic artery w/in the orbit

Front 19

Medium sized artery 0.20-0.30 mm in diameter

Back 19

Size of the central retinal artery

Front 20

The pia mater

Back 20

The adventitial layer of the central artery is augmented by

Front 21

Lamina cribrosa

Back 21

The central artery enters the eye through?

Front 22

Central vein; nasal portion of the optic cup

Back 22

The central artery ascends with ________ towards the _______

Front 23

superior and inferior papillary branches

Back 23

Within the opticc nerve, the central artery divides into?

Front 24

Nasal and temporal branches

Back 24

The papillary branches are divided into?

Front 25

False

Back 25

T/F: capillaries within the eye anastomose

Front 26

The junction of the outer 1/3 and the middle 1/3 of the outer plexiform of the retina

Back 26

The border between the retinal and choroidal bld supply is at?

Front 27

T, response is through auto regulation

Back 27

T/F: retinal vessels lack nervous ctrl

Front 28

T

Back 28

T/F: Endothelial vessels are NOT fenestrated and are tightly joined

Front 29

2/3-3/4 of the corresponding vein

Back 29

Diameter of the artery is?

Front 30

F

Back 30

T/F: veins anastomose

Front 31

Optic nerve

Back 31

Portion if the white fiber tract of the CNS that consists of axons of retinal ganglion cells

Front 32

Optic disk; optic chiasm

Back 32

Optic nerve extends from the _____ at a level with the retina within the eye to the _________

Front 33

50%

Back 33

How much of the fibers decussate to the opposite side of the brain

Front 34

1. Crossed nasal fibers

2. Uncrossed temporal fibers

Back 34

Constitutes the optic tract

Front 35

1mm

Back 35

Introcular part size

Front 36

30mm

Back 36

Orbital size

Front 37

4-10mm

Back 37

Intracanalicular size

Front 38

10mm

Back 38

Intracranial size

Front 39

Intraocular portion

Back 39

Includes the optic disk and the portion of the optic nerve w/in the posterior scleral foramen

Front 40

3mm; 0.8mm

Back 40

Location of optic disk _mm nasal and about __mm above the foveola

Front 41

Nerve fiber layer

Back 41

The choroid and all the layers of the retina except ______ terminates at the optic disk margin

Front 42

Blind spot of mariotte

Back 42

Area where photosensitive rods and cones are absent

Front 43

Posterior scleral foramen bridged with the lamina cribrosa

Back 43

Optic nerve exits from the eye through the?

Front 44

T

Back 44

T/F: posterior to the optic disk, the nerve fibers are myelinated

Front 45

1.5mm in diameter

Back 45

Portion of the optic nerve w/in the eye is about?

Front 46

S-shaped

Back 46

Orbital portion of the optic nerve has what shape to permit movements of the eye

Front 47

12 mm

Back 47

The central retinal artery and vein penetrates the optic nerve __mm behind the globe

Front 48

Tendinous origin of the recti muscles, the ligament of Zinn

Back 48

At the apex of the orbit, the optic nerve is surrounded by the?

Front 49

T

Back 49

T/F: W/in the optic canal, the dura mater is adherent to bone, arachnoid, and pia mater so that the nerve is firmly fixed

Front 50

Intracranial portion (10mm)

Back 50

What part of the optic nerve passes medially to form the chiasm

Front 51

1.1-1.3 million afferent axons

Back 51

Optic nerve contains how many afferent axons

Front 52

Ganglion cells of the FOVEA CENTRALIS

Back 52

90% of the axons of the optic nerve comes from?

Front 53

Septa that are continuous w/ the pia mater

Back 53

Optic nerve is composed of bundles of nerve fibers separated by?

Front 54

Optic chiasm at 24th week of life

Back 54

Myelinization of the optic nerve begins at?

Front 55

Behind the lamina cribrosa

Back 55

At birth, myelinization will reach at what point

Front 56

Oligodendrocytes

Back 56

Associated w/ the metabolism of myelin

Front 57

Astrocytes

Back 57

These cells provide a skeletal framework on the intraocular surface of the optic nerve & are impt. in providing mechanical support as nerve fibers make the right angle turn from the retina

Front 58

Short posterior ciliary arteries

Back 58

Intraocular portion of the the optic nerve is supplied by the?

Front 59

Pial fibrovascular meshwork from branches of ICA

Back 59

The intracanalicular and intracranial portion of the optic nerve are supplied by?

Front 60

Axial blood supply,

The axial vessels arel derived from the central retinal artery, branch of opthalmic artery

Back 60

Intraorbital portion of the optic nerve is supplied by

Front 61

Short posterior ciliary arteries

Back 61

Intraocular portion is supplied by the?

Front 62

13 mm wide

Back 62

Optic chiasm is about how many mm wide

Front 63

Tuber cinereum

Back 63

Posterior surface of the optic chiasm is?

Front 64

Dorsal surface of diencephalon

Back 64

Optic chiasm is attached by the pia mater and the arachnoid mater to the

Front 65

Optic groove of the sphenoid bone

Back 65

The optic chiasm is posterior to the

Front 66

Diaphragm sellae and tuberculum sellae turcicae

Back 66

Optic chiasm is superior to the?

Front 67

S-shaped: movements

Back 67

Orbital portion of the optic nerve has a ______ curve to permit _____

Front 68

T

Back 68

Dura mater and arachnoid mater blend into the sclera T/F

Front 69

12 mm

Back 69

Central retinal artery & vein penetrate the optic nerve __ mm behind the globe

Front 70

Ligament of Zinn

Back 70

The optic nerve is surrounded by the tendinous origin of the recti muscles which is

Front 71

Medially

Back 71

Intracranial portion of the optic nerve passes _____ to form the chiasm

Front 72

Optic chiasm

Back 72

Myelinization of the optic nerve begins at the _____ at about 24h week of life

Front 73

Oligodendrocytes

Back 73

Assoc with hr synthesisss of metabolism of myelin

Front 74

Lamina cribrosa

Back 74

Oligodendrocytes are more numerous behind the

Front 75

Short posterior ciliary arteries

Back 75

Intraocular portion of optic nerve is supplied by ____________

Front 76

Optic tract

Back 76

Extends from the chiasm to the lateral geniculate body

Front 77

Nasal retina of the opposite side

Temporal retina on the same side

Back 77

Optic tract is composed of axons from ganglion cells of the?

Front 78

Superior colliculi

Back 78

Sensitive to moving stimuli and may direct the eyes and the head toward a visual stimulus

Front 79

-lateral geniculate body

- superior quadrigeminal brachium to the superior colliculi

-pretectal area (pupillary reflexes)

- other fibers: enter hyopothalamus & terminate in the supraoptic nucleus & medial nuclei of the tuber cinereum

Back 79

Where do the axons of the optic tract terminate?

Front 80

Same side synapse in layer's 2, 3 and 5

Back 80

Axons from the temporal retina on the same side synapse are found in layers _ _ _

Front 81

Layer's 1,4,6

Back 81

Axons from nasal 1/2 of the retina of the opposite eye decussate in the chiasms & terminate in?

Front 82

Optic tract

Back 82

Extends from the chiasm to the lateral geniculate body

Front 83

Lateral geniculate body

Back 83

Majority of the optic tract terminate at?

Front 84

Pretectal area (some optic tract terminate here)

Back 84

Area Responsible for pupillary reflexes

Front 85

Superior quadrigeminal brachium to the superior colliculi

Back 85

Area Responsible for reflex ocular movements

Front 86

Diencephalon, lateral to the medial geniculate body

Back 86

The lateral geniculate body is located at the

Front 87

2, dorsal and ventral

Back 87

The Lgb consists of how many nucleus

Front 88

Six cellular layers 1-6

Back 88

The dorsal nucleus of the Lgb in humas has how many layers

Front 89

Magnocellular layer/laminae

Back 89

Ventral layers (1,2) are called?

Front 90

Parvocellular layer/laminae

Back 90

The remaining doral layers (3-6) are called?

Front 91

2, 3, 5

Back 91

Axons from the temporal retina (uncrossed) on the same side synapse in what layers?

Front 92

1, 4, 6

Back 92

Nasal 1/2 of the retina of the opposite eye decussate in the chiasm and terminate in what layers?

Front 93

Lateral portion of LGB

Back 93

Axons from the lower half of the retina synapse in the?

Front 94

Medial portion

Back 94

Axons from the upper half of the retina synapse in the?

Front 95

T

Back 95

T/F foveal axons are located posteriorly

Front 96

All 6 layers

Back 96

Central visual fibers are located in which layers

Front 97

2 magnocellular and 2 paracellular layers

Back 97

Peripheral axons are represented in?

Front 98

-Oculomotor centers in the brainstem

-brain stem reticular formation

Back 98

Aside from the visual fibers, the lgb receives input from the?

Front 99

Optic radiation

Back 99

Aka geniculocalcarine tract

Front 100

Area 17

Back 100

What area is the superior and inferior lips of the calcarine fissure

Front 101

Inferior retinal quadrants-lateral LGB- Inferior/ventral lip of calcarine fissure (meyer's loop)

Back 101

Superior visual field quadrants reflects the?

Front 102

Passes anteriorly around the tip of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle

Back 102

Meyer's loop (SILV) passes through the?

Front 103

Superior homonymous quadrantic field defect

Back 103

Damage to Meyer's loop (SILV) produces what defect

Front 104

ISMS (Inferior visual fields, superior retinal quadrants, medial of lgb, superior lip of calcarine

Back 104

Barum's loop

Front 105

Nearly directly posterior through the parietal lobe

Back 105

Barum's loop(ISMS) passes through?

Front 106

Striate complex

Back 106

The superior and inferior lips of the calcarine fissure is often called as?

Front 107

The tip of the posterior pole

Back 107

In the visual cortex, fibers representing the central retina terminate at?

Front 108

Anteriorly

Back 108

More peripheral portions of the retina are represented where

Front 109

Six cell layers typical of cortex

Back 109

The visual cortex is composed of how many layers

Front 110

Layer IV

Back 110

Most axons of the lateral geniculate body terminate in?

Front 111

Lamina granularis interna of Brodmann

Back 111

Layer IV of the visual cortex is aka?

Front 112

Central portion (mainly cones)

Back 112

Part of retina used in the form vision and color vision

Front 113

Peripheral portion (mainly rods)

Back 113

Part of retina used in dark adaptation & in the detection of movement

Front 114

CHOROID

Back 114

Vascular sheet that provides the bld supply for the retinal pigment epithelium and OUTER 1/2 of sensory retina adjacent to it