Block 2 Sensory Transducers Receptors

Front 1

telereceptor

Back 1

detects events occuring at a distance from the body

telephone=long distance

Front 2

exteroceptors

Back 2

detects events occurring on the surface of the body

Front 3

enteroceptors

Back 3

detect events occurring inside the body

Front 4

proprioceptors

Back 4

detect events realted to muscles and joints

Front 5

free nerve endings

Back 5

part of neuron membrane contains channels which open in response to stimulus energy (pain, temp)

Front 6

encapsulated endings

Back 6

cells that surround/alter the nerve and provide part of the receptor selectivity (mechanoreceptors)

correlated with response modality

Front 7

specialized cells and complex organ cells of receptors

Back 7

specialized: olfactory, rod/cone, hair cell

complex organ: ear, eye

Front 8

afferent fibers

large myelin/fast

small myelin/inter

unmyelin/slow

Back 8

large: muscle and joint receptors, skin

small/myelin: nocieptors, thermo, mechano

unmyelin:noci, therm, mecano, visceral

Front 9

2 types of neural signals in transduction.

what is the sequence of sensory transduction?

Back 9

generator potential:slow local potential change

action potential: all or none, intesity varies by frequency

stimulus->>>generator potential--->>>>action potentials

Front 10

specificity of transduction. sensory receptors that are _____to respond well to only ______ of stimulus energy called the ______

Back 10

sensory receptors that are specialized to respond well to only one form of stimulus energy call the adequate stimulus

Front 11

what are the characteristics of a generator potential?

Back 11

local potential (depolarization), graded magnitude (NOT all or none) decrementally conducted (non-propagating) and magnitude proportional to size of stimulus

Front 12

what are pseudo-unipolar cells? where are they located? what kind or information do they send (and from where to where?)

Back 12

the peripheral afferent neurons whose cell bodies are in the dorsal root ganglia-carry sensory signal from the skin, deep tissues, muscles, joints to cell body and then to the CNS

Front 13

ionic basis of sensory receptor mechanism

Back 13

stimulus corresponding to correct type of sensory cell, is coupled with change in ion channel permeability

Front 14

afferent signal conducted from the receptor site to the rest of the nervous system are in the form of...?

Back 14

action potentials

Front 15

what are the characteristics of an action potention?

Back 15

all or nothing
propagated without decrement
production of AP triggered by GP
-GP depolarization spreads by current flow, current flow depolarizes axon to threshold=AP

Front 16

stimulus magnitude increases leads to.....

generator potential intensity=?
action potential intensity=?

Back 16

GP=increase in amplitude
AP=increase in frequency

Front 17

a larger GP leads to a ____ AP

Back 17

higher frequency

Front 18

within afferent neuron populations, as the stimulus increases.....

Back 18

more afferents are recruited into activity

Front 19

what is receptive fields are used in reading braille?

Back 19

merke's discs and meisner corpuscles

braille had some pretty murky CDs (merke's discs) to sell to the corpse-like miser (meisner corpuscles)

Front 20

adaption

Back 20

sensory receptors slow their dischage frequency when stimulus is maintained at constant amplitude

Front 21

in adaption, why does AP freq decline?

Back 21

because the GP (generator potential) magnitude decreases with time during a constant stimulus

Front 22

what are tonic receptors?

Back 22

do not slow/"adapt" discharge freq much and maintain ongoing discharge proportional to maintained stimulus

aka slow adapting

Front 23

phasic receptors are what?

Back 23

frequency declines within seconds/millisecs to zero.

signal onset/termination of stimulus and rate at which stimulus is changing. measure CHANGE

Front 24

intermediate receptors are what?

Back 24

receptors that have an adaptation rate btw phasic and tonic. phasic=early discharge proportional to rate of change of stim

tonic=receptor maintains a freq proportional to maintained stim

Front 25

what is a receptive field?

Back 25

particular area of the body where stimulus can activate a receptor. can vary in size and shape

Front 26

a smaller receptive field allows for a more _____ _________ of a stimulus

Back 26

precise localization

Front 27

receptive field properties for primary afferent neuron vs. a central sensory neuron

Back 27

pan=determined by distribution of its brancing in the tissue

csn=determined by properties of allll the afferents synapsing on them

Front 28

how can you tell where there is a small receptive field and if there is a high density of receptors in an area of the skin?

Back 28

2 point discrimation=measuring how close together 2 points of contact can become before no longer perceived as 2 points

Front 29

meisner's corpuscles

Back 29

small receptive fields, phasic, low freq stimulation

corpse-like miser: small, likes $, including change (phasic) doesn't like to go out/be stimulated (low freq stim)

Front 30

pacinian corpuscles

Back 30

large receptive fields, phasic, high freq

al pacino-big shot. holds large receptions. like $ and change, goes out a lot/high frequency guy

Front 31

merkels disc endings

Back 31

large recep fields, tonic, high freq

Murky CDs. Really big CDs! bigger than records (large recep field), really high noises (high freq), continuously playing their high frequency music, gotta have a gin and tonic when listening to them!

Front 32

ruffini's endings

Back 32

large recept fields, tonic, deep steady pressure

ruffini=big opera singer (large recep field) constantly singing (tonic) loves to get massages (respond to deep steady pressure)