Block 2 Quiz 1 Anatomy (Lecture 1)- General

Front 1

What does the Internal Iliac Artery branch into and what do they supply? (2)

Back 1

Superior and inferior gluteal aa (gluteal region)
Obturator a (medial thigh)

Front 2

What does that External iliac artery continue into, then branch into, what do these supply? (3)

Back 2

continues as Femoral artery,
which branches into Deep artery of thigh and branches (anterior and posterior thigh),
and continues as Popliteal artery (continuation),
which branches into Genicular aa. (Knee), Anterior and posterior tibia aa and branches (leg, ankle, foot)

Front 3

What are the superficial veins (subcutaneous tissue) of the lower limbs?

Back 3

Dorsal venous arch of foot
> great saphenous vein (empties into femoral vein)
> small saphenous vein (joins popliteal vein in knee)

Front 4

What are perforating veins?

Back 4

They shunt blood to deep veins

Front 5

What are the deep veins of the lower limb (follow arteries, internal to deep fascia, often paired)? (4)

Back 5

femoral vein & tributaries (drain in external iliac vein)

obturator, superior and inferior gluteal veins (drain in internal iliac veins)

Front 6

What veins make an alternate pathway to return blood from lower extremity in a femoral vein occlusion?

Back 6

*gluteal veins communicate with tributaries of fermoral veins

Front 7

What are the 2 plexuses of spinal nerves in the lower limb? What is the one exception?

Back 7

Lumbar plexus (L1>L4)

Sacral Plexus (L4 > S3)

* exception: Lateral cutaneus branch of subcostal nerve (T12)

Front 8

What rami are most of the nerves to the lower limb from? What are the 2 exceptions?

Back 8

Anterior rami

*exceptions: superior and middle cluneal nerves

Front 9

What are the boundaries of the gluteal area? (5)

Back 9

iliac crest
ASIS
greater trochanter
gluteal fold
ischial tuberosity

Front 10

What is the content of the gluteal area?

Back 10

Buttocks
hip region - joint

Front 11

What joins the 2 hip bones?

Back 11

Pubic symphisis

Front 12

What are the 2 joint/articulations of the sacrum (axial skeleton)?

Back 12

sacro-iliac joint: sacrum + hip bone

lumbro-sacral joints: sacrum + lumbar vertebrae L5

Front 13

What makes up the bony pelvis? (3)

Back 13

Pelvic girdle
sacrum
coccyx

Front 14

What 3 bones make up the hip bone? What do they make?

Back 14

ilium (superior, largest one)

iscium (anterior)

pubis (posterior)

make up acetabulum, which is a socket for the head of the femur)

Front 15

What are the components of the ilium?

Back 15

Ala (wing):
-iliac crest
-ASIS
-AIIS
-PSIS
-PIIS
-Iliac fossa
Body

Front 16

What are the components of the ischium?

Back 16

body
ischial ramus
ischial spine
greater and lesser sciatic notch
ischial tuberosity

Front 17

What are the components of the Pubis?

Back 17

body
-pubic tubercle
-pubic crest
superior and inferior pubic ramus
-pecten pubis (superior)

Front 18

What are the 2 primary ligaments of the hip? what areas do they form? What movement do they oppose?

Back 18

Sacrispinous ligament > greater sciatic foramen

Sacrotuberous ligament > lesser sciatic foramin (along with sacrospinous ligament)

The oppose the inferior sacrum from rotating superiorly at the sacro-iliac joint.

Front 19

What does the greater sciatic foramen transmit between?

Back 19

between pelvis and gluteal area

Front 20

What does the lesser sciatic foramen transmit between?

Back 20

between gluteal area and perineum

Front 21

What does the sacrospinous attach to?

Back 21

anterior surface of sacrum & coccyx > ischial spine

Front 22

What does the sacrotuberous attach to?

Back 22

lateral amrgin of sacrum & coccyx, PSIS & PIIS > ischial tuberosity

Front 23

What runs through the Greater sciatic foramen (above the piriformis muscle)?

Back 23

superior gluteal nerve, artery, vein

Front 24

What runs through the lesser sciatic foramen?

Back 24

obturator internus muscle tendon

pudendal nerve

internal pudendel vessels

Front 25

What runs through the greater sciatic foramen (below piriformis muscle)?

Back 25

sciatic nerve

inferior gluteal nerve, artery, bein

pudendal nerve

indernal pudendal artery and vein

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

nerve to obturator internus and superuir gemellus muscles

nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior femellus muscle

Front 26

What runs through the obturator canal?

Back 26

obturator nerve

obturator vessels

Front 27

What runs through the gap between the inguinal ligament and pelvic bone?

Back 27

psoas major, iliacus, pectineus muscles

femoral artery and vein

lymphatics

femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve

lateral cutaneus nerve of thigh

Front 28

Describe the hip joint - what type of joint it is and where it is.

Back 28

Strong and stable

multi-axial ball-and-socket synovial joint

between head of femur and acetabulum of hip bone

Front 29

What deepens the acetabulum (2)?

Back 29

acetabular labrum (fibrocatilage collar surrounding acetabulum)

transverse acetabular ligament (bridge notch)

Front 30

What articulating surfaces on the hip joint are covered with articular cartilage?

Back 30

head of femur (minus fovea)

lunate surface of the acetabulum

Front 31

What is in the synovial folds of the hip joint?

Back 31

retinacular arteries (branch from lateral and medial femoral circumflex arteies)

form ligament of head of the femur (contains artery to head of femur - branch of obturator artery)

Front 32

What 3 ligaments support the fibrous layer of the hip joint capsule?

Back 32

Iliofemoral

Pubofemoral

Ischiofemoral

Front 33

Describe the Iliofemoral ligament:

location
attachments
role

Back 33

anterior & superior to hip joint

attach to ilium (between AIIS and acetabilum) and femur (intertrochanteric line)

role: prevents hyperextension

Front 34

Describe the pubofemoral ligament:

location
attachments
role

Back 34

anterior & inferior to hip joint

attach to pubic bone to iliofemoral ligament (varies)

role: prevents overabduction & helps limit extension

Front 35

Describe the Ischiofemoral ligament:

location
attachments
role

Back 35

posterior to the joint

attach to ischium and neck and greater trochanter of the femur

weak role: limits extension and medial rotation

Front 36

What 4 nerves supply the hip joint? Where are they located?

Back 36

femoral nerve (L2-L4)
anterior

obturator nerve (L2-L4)
inferior

superior gluteal nerve
superior

nerve to quadratus femoris
posteriorly

Front 37

What muscles does the superior gluteal artery supply?

Back 37

Superficial branch: upper part of gluteus maximus / anastomose with inferior gluteal artery

Deep branch: gluteus medius & minimus, tensor fasciae latae

Front 38

What muscles does the inferior gluteal artery supply?

Back 38

gluteus maximus , quadratus femoris, obturator internus, and gemelli

Front 39

What are the 4 nerves of the gluteal region and what do they supply?

Back 39

Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1 &2)
Gluteus medius & minimus, tensor fascia lata

Inferior gluteal nerve (L4 &5, S1)
Gluteus maximus

Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
Obturator internus & superior gamellus

Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
Quadratus & inferior gamellus

Front 40

what nerves pass through gluteal area?

Back 40

sciatic nerve
pudental nerve

Front 41

what are the cutaneous nerves of the gluteal area?

Back 41

Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh > inferior cluneal nerves (S1-S3)
Superior cluneal nerves (L1-L3)
Medial cluneal nerves (S1-S3)
Cutaneus branch of Iliohypogastric nerve (L1)