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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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in the aging of skin, there has to be a balance btw what and what?
what happens if you increase one or the other? |
btw telomerase activity and differentiation.
increase telomerase activity, cells won't differentiate! |
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hayflick number and maximum lifespan is what?
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how the length of the telomeres kinda predict the lifespan of the individual
used fibroblasts btw species and correlated maximum doubling number (max # of times a cell divides) with the lifespan of the organism |
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cell damage can be either ____ modifications and/or _____modifications
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protein and DNA
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loss of vision due to cataracts:
90% of lens protein consist of__,___ and ___ crystaline products there is no ______turnover in the lens of the eye crystallins are susceptible to what? |
alpha beta gamma
no protein turnover susceptible to post-translational modifications over time->lens cloudiness/crystalline precip |
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posttranslational modifications of crystallins in promoting opacity in the lens.
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have good functions, but if occur aberently, they decrease function.
phorphorylation oxidation glycation reduction acetylation |
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how does proteolysis of alpha-A crystalline cause cataracts?
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aggregates of alpha-A form amyloid proteins that cause light scattering/focusing
alpha A chaperones helps beta and gamma fold correctly, imporpoer folding->agglugate, precipitate->cataracts |
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mitochondria leak what?
mitochondrial theory of aging? |
leak electrons (ROS free radials), which then damage DNA, lipids, proteins, and the mitochondria themselves (leads to more uncoupling->more damage-cycle)=
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mitochondrial theory of aging=
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damaging mito->decreased mito production->decreased function->decreased lifespan
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what is a progeroid disease?
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"age-promoting"
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werner syndrome is caused by a mutation in what enzyme?
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WRN, which is a DNA repair enzyme (homologous recombination)
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hutchinson-gilford progeria
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point mutation in Lamin A (unable to maintain nuclear integrity and play huge role in DNA repair
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Aging is due to what?
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inability to REPAIR the wear and tear, not just accumlation of the wear and tear
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what is biogerentology?
what is the one thing that has been proved to increase lifespan? |
field addressing the mechanisms of aging to identify the lifespan extension in humans
caloric restriction |
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caloric restriction induces what?
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cellular stress->alters metabolism/decreased O2 consumption->activate Sir2---->prolongs lifespan of cells (activated by polyphenols-in red wine! muscadine wine)
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Sirtuin-1 activates what process?
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autophagy, thereby enabling cells to repair themselves at a higher rate
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autophagosomes do what?
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clean up damaged cell components. helps protect cells.
-engulf intracell pathogens -reduces inflammation -prevents oncogensis |
