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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Infections that cause salpingitis
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N. Gonorrhea; Chlamydia; E. Coli; Mycoplasma; anaerobes
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Endometriosis
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Endometrial glands and stroma outside of the endometrium
Hormonally sensitive -- cycles with the normal endometrium Can result in hemorrhage, scarring, and pain Etiology: backwash; benign metastasis; metaplastic transformation |
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BRCA1 and BRCA2 chromosomes
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17 & 13 respectively
Mutation --> lifetime risk of about 60% for developing ovarian cancer |
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Follicular cysts
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Composed of follicle elements -- granulose and theca cells
Typically clinically insignificant Sometimes large enough to produce an increase in estrogen Increased estrogen --> endometrial hyperplasia and abnormal bleeding |
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Leuteal systs
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Particularly persist during pregnancy
SECRETE PROGESTERONE Manifest with menstrual irregularities and a mass |
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PCOD
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A.K.A. Stein-Leventhal Disease
Women in their 20s and 30s Result of abnormal LH and FSH Signs and symptoms: obesity; acne; hirsutism; infertility; insulin resistance Results in anovulation Can lead to endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma |
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3 main groups of Ovarian neoplasms
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Surface Epithelial (most common)
Germ Cell Sex Cord Stromal |
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5 subtypes of surface eptihelial tumors
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Serous papillary
Mucinous Endometrioid Brenner Clear Cell All five can form tumors along the cystadenoma, borderline, carcinoma spectrum |
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Serous tumors
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Hallmark is ciliated columnar cells ("tubal-like")
As grade gets worse, % chance of being bilateral increases PSAMMOMA BODIES (also seen in papillary cancer of the thyroid) Serous papillary carcinomas are the most common malignancy of the ovary CA125 sometimes used as a marker (not reliable) |
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Mucinous tumors
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Resemble endocervical epithelium OR intestinal epithelium
Less frequent, less often bilateral, more often multilocular Filled with viscous, gelatinous fluid Usually form EXTREMELY LARGE masses |
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Pseudomyxoma Peritoneii
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"Jelly Belly"
2ndary to appendiceal/ovarian primary OR transformation of peritoneal cells Abdomens filled with mucin (great morbidity) 5 yr. survival is < 50% |
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Endometrioid Tumors
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Benign and borderline tumors are less well defined
Gland fusion and cytologic atypia 15-20% of ovarian endometrioid associated with endometrial carcinomas BUT, thought to represent TRUE SEPARATE PRIMARIES ("field effect") |
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Clear Cell Tumors
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Cystadenomas and borderlines are extremely rare
Abundant clear cytoplasm Often have papillae lined by "hobnail" cells |
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Brenner Tumors
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Usually benign
Nests of cells that resemble UROTHELIAL cells of bladder |
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5 subtypes of germ cell tumors
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TERATOMAS (90% [mature])
Dysgerminoma Yolk sac Embryonal Choriocarcinoma Except for MATURE teratomas, germ cell tumors are often malignant |
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Mature Teratoma
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Benign, present in all age groups
Lined by epidermal tissue with underlying sebaceous glands Cystic Have ADULT-TYPE tissue from various germ cell layers RARELY, malignancy can develop |
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Immature Teratoma
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Usually have a solid component
Tissue is commonly NEURAL High grade ones are malignant and require chemo If rupture, peritoneal implants can develop (gliomatosis peritonei) |
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Dysgerminoma
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Counterpart to testicular seminoma
Women in 20s and 30s Typically unilateral with an EXCELLENT prognosis Extremely radio and chemo sensitive SECRETE beta-hCG |
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Yolk Sac Tumor
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A.K.A. Endodermal Sinus Tumor
Schiller-Duvall Bodies Occur in adolescents and young women Aggressive SECRETE ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN |
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Embryonal Carcinoma
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Agressive
Young Women |
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Choriocarcinoma
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Most occur in the uterus, but occasionally do occur in ovary
Spread HEMATOGENOUSLY Respond to chemo, BUT complications (bleeding) can arise SECRETE BETA-HCG |
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3 subtypes of Sex Cord Stromal Tumors
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Fibromas
Granulosa Cell Tumors Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors |
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Fibromas
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Account for 80% of SCSTs
BENIGN Well circumscribed Solid, white cut surface Histologically, bland spindle cells May be estrogenic |
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Meig's Syndrome
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Pleural effusions + Ascites + Ovarian Mass
Removal of mass --> regression of effusions |
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Granulosa Cell Tumor
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SECRETE ESTROGEN
Bland small cells, nuclear grooves ("coffee beans") CAL-EXNER BODIES (rings) Very slow growing, when confined very good prognosis Recur or metastasize 10 - 15 years |
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Krukenberg tumor
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Bilateral enlargement of the ovaries
Due to metastatic signet ring carcinoma from GI tract Usually, from the stomach |
