Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what is the definition of pain?
|
unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated w/ actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage
|
|
|
define the following;
allodynia hypoalgesia hyperalgesia radiculopathy vasomotor changes sudomotor changes |
allodynia: pain in response to a non-painful stimulus
hypoalgesia: decreased response of a painful stimulus hyperalgesia: increased response to a painful stimulus radiuclopathy: functional abnormality of sensation, motor and/or autonomic activity of a spinal nerve root vasomotor changes: temperature of skin coloration abnormalities sudomotor changes: abnormal sweating |
|
|
what is acute nociceptive pain?
what are the two subcategories? |
pain in response to tissue injury or inflammation
activation of peripheral nociceptors (free nerve endings of A-delta and C fibers) acute somatic and acute viseral |
|
|
how are visceral structures represented on a homunculus?
|
they aren't!!
referred pain!! |
|
|
what is neuropathic pain?
|
result of injury or acquired abnormalitites of peripheral or central neural structures
|
|
|
what are the four elements of the "pain process"?
|
1. transduction (converting painful stimulus to an action potential)
2. transmission (conduction along neural pathways) 3. perception (discrimination, cognition and affect higher centers) 4. modulation: 1-3 can be modulated at any point in the process |
|
|
what kind of nerve fibers are associated with nociception? differentiate them
|
a-delta: myelinated, faster "first pain"
c fibers: unmyelinated "second pain" |
|
|
first order neurons for the head arise from which cranial nerves?
|
V, VII, IX, X
|
|
|
from what 3 sources do second order neurons receive input?
|
a-delta
c fibers internuerons in dorsal horn |
|
|
nosceceptive specific second order neurons are found in what lamina?
what about wide, dynamic range? |
lamina 1
lamina 5 |
|
|
describe the site of action for the following analgesics:
opiods local anesthetics antihistamine NSAIDs |
opiods: dorsal horn
local anesthetics: nerve axon/sodium channels antihistamines: injured/inflammed tissues NSAIDs: prostaglandin synthesis |
|
|
what is the Gate Theory?
|
with no stimulation: pain gate is "closed" and there is no painful sensation
with painful stimulation: nociceptive afferents block inhibitatory neuron "open" |
