Block 2 Clinical Correlations

Front 1

Dislocation of head of femur could lead to

Back 1

Disruption of blood supply with avascular necrosis

Front 2

Nerve to avoid during intermuscular injection

Back 2

sciatic

Front 3

Location for intermuscular injection

Back 3

Upper outer quadrant

Front 4

Procedure for distinguishing piriformis syndrome from sciatica

Back 4

-Resist foot against something in attempt to reproduce pain
-Rectal exam - palpate piriformis

Front 5

Gluteal gait

Back 5

Weakness in glut med

Front 6

Dislocated hip usually only occurs:

Back 6

car wreck

Front 7

Presentation of dislocated hip

Back 7

Extremity looks shorter, medial rotation

Front 8

Important consequences of femoral fracture

Back 8

-Blood loss
-Pulmonary embolism
-Compartment syndrom

Front 9

Presentation of femoral neck fracture
-Relationship to glut. m.

Back 9

-Shorter leg, lateral rotation
--Most glut m. are lateral rotators, pulling trochanter laterally

Front 10

Gluteal gait indicated by:

Back 10

Positive Trendelenburg sign

Front 11

Positive Trendelenburg sign

Back 11

Pt. falls toward raised foot b/c loss of muscle strength in medius holding the femur stable

Front 12

Important consequence of femoral fracture

Back 12

Thrombosis leading to pulmonary imbolism

Front 13

Compartment syndrome in thigh related to

Back 13

Femoral fractures

Front 14

7 Ps of Compartment Syndrom

Back 14

1. Pain
2. Pressure
3. Pallor
4. Poikilothermia
5. Paresthesia (numb)
6. Paralysis
7. Pulselessness

Front 15

Earliest sign of compartment syndrom

Back 15

Pain out of proportion to injury, especially with passive movement

Front 16

Which veins are more likely to have embolus (deep/superficial)

Back 16

Deep

Front 17

Varicose veins

Back 17

Blood pools just superior to valve, causes wall of vein to expand

Front 18

Iliotibial band syndrome
-Characterized by
-Can be associated with
-Common in:
-Cause:

Back 18

-Pain/tenderness at lateral knee
-Weak hip abductors
-Runners
-Repetitive friction between band and lateral epicondyle

Front 19

Oblique fracture - at an angle to

Back 19

The axis

Front 20

Comminuted fracture

Back 20

many relatively small fragments

Front 21

Spiral fracture

Back 21

Runs around the axis of the bon

Front 22

Compound fracture
-AKA
-Presentation

Back 22

-Open
-Breaks the skin

Front 23

Gradation of strains
1.
2.
3.

Back 23

1. Minor tear within muscle
2.Partial tear in muscle
3. Sever or complete rupture of muscle

Front 24

Groin injury is usually injury to:

Back 24

Adductor muscles

Front 25

Cause of quadricep contusion
-Can lead to

Back 25

blow to anterior thigh
-Compartment syndrome

Front 26

Quadriceps hernia result from

Back 26

Fascia rupture

Front 27

Myositis ossificans

Back 27

Calcification of tissues inside the muscle

Front 28

-Osteosarcoma
-usually develops when:
-Common locations
-Propensity for metastasis to:

Back 28

-Malignant bone tumor that
-usually develops during period of rapid growth
-Leg near knee
-Thigh near knee
-Upper arm near shoulder
-lung

Front 29

Usual chest pain cause

Back 29

Non-cardiac (muscles, etc)

Front 30

Costochondritis commonness

Back 30

Often sited hard to proof

Front 31

Usual pluritis presentation

Back 31

Poster viral pain with inspiration

Front 32

Supernumerary cervical ribs may compress
-n.
-n.
-n.
-a.

Back 32

C8
T1
Inferior trunk of brachial plexus
Subclavian a.

Front 33

Thoracotomy

Back 33

Surgical creation of opening through thoracic wall to enter a pleural cavity

Front 34

Flailed chest

Back 34

Fracture of 3 or 4 ribs

Front 35

-Pnuemothorax
-Lung collapses away from:
-Pressure on cavity cokes off:

Back 35

-Air into pleural cavity
-Pleural cavity
-Venous drainage

Front 36

-Hemothorax/Hydrothorax
-Fluid level can be measured/seen because:

Back 36

-Build up of blood or other fluid
-Lung floats on fluid

Front 37

Thorocentesis
-Always enter costal space at _____ margin of rib

Back 37

-Taking fluid out for diagnosis
-superior

Front 38

Thrombosis in ___ or ___ veins have high risk of embolus to the lungs

Back 38

Femoral or deep femoral

Front 39

Hamstring injury characterized by

Back 39

-Sudden sharp pain in back of leg
-Popping or tearing sensation
-Pain upon stretching
-Swelling/tenderness
-Bruising
-Inability to put weight on leg

Front 40

Bleeding into anterior compartment indicative of

Back 40

Quad contusion

Front 41

Difference in Baker's Cyst and Plantaris tendon rupture

Back 41

Baker's cyst only blood to back of knee

Front 42

Blood in knee effusion along with anterior drawer sign means

Back 42

Anterior cruciate ligament tear (ACL)

Front 43

Foot drops indicates damage to ____ n.

Back 43

Fibular

Front 44

What nerve crosses the leg about the same height as car bumpers?

Back 44

Fibular

Front 45

Shin splits caused by

Back 45

Strain and irritation of Crural fascia/tibialis anterior

Front 46

Most commonly injured peripheral n.

Back 46

Fibular

Front 47

Fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal

Back 47

Jone's Fracture

Front 48

Stress fracture of 2nd or 3rd metatarsal

Back 48

March fracture

Front 49

Bone disintegration results from

Back 49

-Infection
-Loss of neural innervation

Front 50

Diabetic lose ____ in feet

Back 50

Pain

Front 51

Involucrum

Back 51

Infection of periosteum & calcification of it

Front 52

Sequestrant

Back 52

Piece of dead (previously calcified infectious) bone

Front 53

When doing short leg cast, be mindful of:

Back 53

Fibular n.

Front 54

Salter Harris classifies:

Back 54

Growth plate fractures

Front 55

Salter Harris 1:

Back 55

Slipped plate fracture (epiphysis slips off)

Front 56

Salter Harris 2-5

Back 56

Crushing of growth plate

Front 57

Any child or elderly with knee pain, also think about

Back 57

Hip

Front 58

-Hydrocele/hematocele of testicle (location)

Back 58

Cavity within tunica vaginalis

Front 59

Can feel epididymis etc in back of testicle, but front is swollen

Back 59

Hydro/hematocele

Front 60

Obliterated processus vaginalis leads to

Back 60

Hydro/hematocele

Front 61

Direct inguinal hernias traverse anterior abdominal wall _______ (location)

Back 61

-Medial to inferior epigastric a. (through inguinal triangle)

Front 62

Indirect inguinal hernia traverses anterior ab. wall ____

Back 62

-Lateral to inferior epigastric a.

Front 63

Which hernia is considered acquired & why

Back 63

Direct; it doesn't take path of processus vaginalis

Front 64

Which hernia is considered congenital & why

Back 64

Indirect because it follows processus vaginalis into scrotum

Front 65

Which hernia is considered acquired & why

Back 65

Direct; it doesn't take path of processus vaginalis

Front 66

Which hernia is considered congenital & why

Back 66

Indirect because it follows processus vaginalis into scrotum

Front 67

Trimalleolar fracture

Back 67

Dislocation fracture of medial, lateral malleolus & posterior tibia

Front 68

Sprained Ankle
-Usual cause
-Usual ligament affected

Back 68

-Inversion of ankle
-Anterior talofibular ligament

Front 69

Fracture of phalange
-usual cause
-Treatment

Back 69

-Stubbing toe
-Buddy tape

Front 70

"I feel like I'm stepping on a ball"

Back 70

Plantar fascitis

Front 71

Treatment of plantar fascitis

Back 71

Stretching achiles to stretch plantar

Front 72

Pes Planus

Back 72

Plat feet with loss of arches

Front 73

Infection in or near bone results in

Back 73

Bone degeneration

Front 74

2 Common Growth Plate Fractures of the Femur

Back 74

1. Slipped capital ephiphysis
2. Femoral head necrosis (Leg Calve Perthes)

Front 75

Slipped capital epiphysis
-Seen in ___ pt.
-Pain in:
-Cause

Back 75

-Obese, young
-Knee, hip
-Slipped capital epiphysis - head of femur slipped off growth plate

Front 76

Leg calve Perthes
-Result
-May be related to
-Seen in ___ pt
-Pain

Back 76

-Avascular necrosis of femoral head
-Round ligament
-Skinny young pt.
-Hip or knee

Front 77

Podagra
-Definition
-Lab findings
-Causes

Back 77

-Crystalline arthopothy
-Abnormal urate crystal depostion
-Gout/pseudogout

Front 78

Gout -

Back 78

Crystalline arthropothy

Front 79

Urate crystals usually deposit in:

Back 79

thumb and first toe

Front 80

Pseudogout

Back 80

Deposition of calcium