Block 2 Brain Cns Intro

Front 1

what is a gyrus?

Back 1

outward curve of the cortex

Front 2

what is a sulcus?

Back 2

infold of the brain btw adjacent gyri

(large sulci are called fissures)

Front 3

What makes up the brainstem?

Back 3

the midbrain, pons, medulla

Front 4

the dura mater attaches to what?

Back 4

the skull

Front 5

the outer later of the brain is ______ while the inner layer is _____?

what do they both do?

Back 5

gray matter while the inner layer is white matter

gray matter are the cell bodies while the white matter are nerve fibers that interconnect coritcal areas.

Front 6

folding of the uniform surface of gray matter increases what?

Back 6

increases the surface area and therefore the number of processing cells available for complex processing

Front 7

what is deep to the white matter in the brain?

Back 7

several masses of gray matter=basal bodies (in telencephalon)

Front 8

commissures. what are they?

what is the largest? name a smaller one.

Back 8

white axonal fibers that connect the 2 hemispheres.

the largest is the corpus callosum.

another smaller one is the anterior (and there is a posterior) commissure-connect the anterior poles of temporal lobes

Front 9

what are projection bundles? what is an important one?

Back 9

fiber bundles that travel from one part of the brain to a different part of the brain (ex: cortex to thalamus)

and important one is the internal cpasule-connects the hemisphere with diencephalon and brainstem

Front 10

what are association bundles?

Back 10

fiber bundles that interconnect different areas of the same hemisphere.

Front 11

The central sulcus divides what from what?

Back 11

divides the frontal lobe (anterior) from the parietal lobe (posterior)

Front 12

the precentral gyrus is in charge of what?

Back 12

somatic motor control

Front 13

the postcentral gyrus is in charge of what?

Back 13

somatosensory processing

Front 14

the superior temporal gyrus is in charge of what?

Back 14

auditory processing

Front 15

what divides the temporal lobe from the rest of the brain?

Back 15

the Lateral, or Sylvian, fissure

Front 16

insula is what? what is it important for?

Back 16

insula is the cortex that is buried/deep in lateral fissure (can see on transverse section)

important for learning/memory

Front 17

the cingulate gyrus is _____ to the corpus callosum

Back 17

superior/anterior participates with insula/learning.

also important for emotional/motivational behavior

Front 18

calcari sulcus

Back 18

posterior part of brain. the 2 gyri surrounding it make up the primary visual cortex

Front 19

what is the fornix? located where?

Back 19

inferior to corpus callosum. nerve fibers from hippocampus to hypothalamus

Front 20

ventral view. olfactory bulbs where what nerve terminates? where are the nerves coming from?

Back 20

CN1 (olfactory nerves) from the nose terminate at the olfactory bulbs

Front 21

the superior colliculi are important for what?

Back 21

eye movement

Front 22

the inferior colliculi are a relay site for what?

Back 22

relay site for auditory fibers

Front 23

on the ventral surface of the brain, you can see 2 large fiber bundles with a V-shaped crevice btw them. what are the names of the bundles and of the crevice?

Back 23

cerebral peduncles and the interpeduncular fossa

Front 24

the substantia nigra contains what? important for what?

absense of this is indicative of what disease?

Back 24

melanin (black cells in gross anatomy) important for motor control

absence=parkinsons disease

Front 25

what wraps around the pons dorsally toward the cerebellum?

what nerve emerges from this?

Back 25

the middle cerebellar peduncle

the Trigeminal nerve (CN V) emerges from the ventrolateral surface=motor nerve for jaw muscles

Front 26

The pontine-medullary junction is what? what nerves come out from it? (medial to lateral)

Back 26

junction of the pons and medulla

CN 6,7,8
VI=abducens
VII=facial
VIII=vestibulocochlear

Front 27

from the posterior side, cut away the cerebellum through 3 cerebellar pundicles which are?


see rhomboid shaped space=what?

Back 27

superior (goes up to brain), middle (largest to pons), and inferior (to spinal cord/medulla)


4th ventricle

Front 28

ventral surface of medulla, there are____ on each side of the midline which contain ______

Back 28

medullary pyramids
corticospinal motor fibers

Front 29

lateral to the pyrmaid is the _____
3 cranial nerves exit along the groove lateral to this. what are they?

Back 29

olive

CN IX (glossopharyngeal-visceral sensory)
CN X (vagus-parasympathetic motor)
CN XI (accessory nerve-motor function to neck)

Front 30

where does the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) exit from?

Back 30

the groove btw the pyramid and the olive

Front 31

how are the gyri of the cerebellar cortex diff from cerebral cortex. what are they called?

Back 31

they are much narrower. called folia

Front 32

what developed as an outgrowth of the pons?

Back 32

the cerebellum

Front 33

what is normally attached to the infundibular stalk?

Back 33

the pituitary gland

Front 34

two things that are part of the ventral surface of the hypothalamus

Back 34

the infundibular stalk and the mammillary bodies

Front 35

Information from the retinas is transferred to the brain via _______

the nerves ______ at the ______ where half the fibers _____to the _______ side. this is called what?

Back 35

optic nerves (CN II)

the nerves join at the optic chiasm, where half the fibers cross to the opposite site. called decussating)