Block 2 Bacteria Parasites

Front 1

morphology of streptococci?

Back 1

Gm(+) cocci in pairs or chains

Front 2

growth conditions of strep?

Back 2

strictly fermentative; catalase(-)

Front 3

what is major cause of neonatal meningitis?

Back 3

GBS

Front 4

what is major virulence factor of GAS?

Back 4

M protein

Front 5

what exotoxins does GAS have?

Back 5

cytolytic toxins and pyrogenic exotoxins

Front 6

what ages is GAS typically found?

Back 6

5-15 yrs

Front 7

what acute respiratory infections are seen with GAS?

Back 7

pharyngitis, scarlet fever (local infection with systemic toxemia), pneumonia

Front 8

what is characteristic of scarlet fever?

Back 8

begin on trunk and neck and spreading; blanches on pressure

Front 9

sequelae of GAS?

Back 9

ARF, AGN, PANDAS

Front 10

morphology of corynebacterium?

Back 10

Gm(+) pleomorphic rods

Front 11

what are clinical manifestations of classical diphtheria?

Back 11

local infection with systemic toxemia --> pharygitis, pseudomembrane, neck edema, with systemic toxemia may see necrosis in heart muscle and other tissue

Front 12

what is vaccine for corynebacterium diphtheriae?

Back 12

toxoid of diphtheria (DTaP, Tdap)

Front 13

morphology of haemophilus?

Back 13

tiny Gm(-) coccobacilli

Front 14

growth requirements for h. influenzae?

Back 14

X factor and V factor with chocolate agar

Front 15

major virulence factor for h. influenzae and which type is most virulent?

Back 15

capsule; type b

Front 16

what was the most common cause of meningitis prior to vaccine?

Back 16

h. influenzae

Front 17

P1 protein is characteristic of what organism?

Back 17

mycoplasma

Front 18

what are clinical manifestations of mycoplasma infection?

Back 18

pharyngitis, tracheobronchitis, ear pain, atypical pneumonia

Front 19

what is typical to see in serology with mycoplasma?

Back 19

cold agglutinins

Front 20

what antibiotic for mycoplasma?

Back 20

erythromycin

Front 21

what is the most common cause of all fungal infections?

Back 21

candida

Front 22

what infections are seen with candida?

Back 22

thrush, skin and nail infections, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, urotenital infections, gastrointestinal infections (assoc. with neoplastic disease of GI), invasive infection

Front 23

morphology of bordetella?

Back 23

Gm(-) coccobacilli

Front 24

what disease is caused by bordetella?

Back 24

pertussis, whooping cough

Front 25

what organism has F-HA (fimbrial hemagglutinin)?

Back 25

bordetella pertussis

Front 26

what is mechanism of pertussis toxin?

Back 26

increased levels of intracellular cAMP

Front 27

who is most susceptible to bordetella infection?

Back 27

newborn

Front 28

what is vaccine for bordetella and what are recommendations?

Back 28

DTaP (purified F-HA, PT toxoid) with Tdap booster every five years

Front 29

morphology of strep. pneumoniae?

Back 29

Gm(+) lancet shaped diplococci

Front 30

major virulence factor for strep. pneumoniae?

Back 30

capsule

Front 31

what is most common cause of meningitis in adults?

Back 31

pneumococcus

Front 32

most common cause of otitis media?

Back 32

pneumococcus

Front 33

diagnosis of pneumococcus?

Back 33

urine antigen test

Front 34

vaccine for pneumococcus?

Back 34

PPV purified polysaccharide and PCV7 conjugated vaccine

Front 35

what are two problems with the emerging pathogen acinetobacter baumannii?

Back 35

antibiotic resistance and nosocomial in US hospitals

Front 36

distinctive about pseudomonas capsule?

Back 36

slime or mucoid [CF]

Front 37

clinical manifestations of pseudomonas?

Back 37

nosocomial pneumonia, cystic fibrosis pneumonia, burn or wound infections (green pus), UTI (catheter), dermatitis (more severe risk in diabetics), corneal infections, endocarditis

Front 38

what is recommended treatment for pseudomonas-family infection?

Back 38

combination, resistant to many antibiotics

Front 39

where does legionella grow in human body?

Back 39

intracellularly in macrophages

Front 40

clinical manifestations with legionella?

Back 40

legionnaires disease [acute pneumonia] or pontiac fever [mild respiratory, no pneumonia]

Front 41

diagnosis for legionella?

Back 41

urine antigen test, only for serogroup 1

Front 42

what is cell wall of mycobacteria composed of?

Back 42

glycolipids containing mycolic acids

Front 43

morphology of aspergillus?

Back 43

only as a filamentous mold with septate hyphae and 45 degree branching

Front 44

clinical manifestations of aspergillus?

Back 44

allergic (upper respiratory allergies, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis), localized infections (aspergilloma, chronic necrotizing aspergillus pneumonia, aspergillus sinusitis, otomycosis), invasive aspergillosis (lung or bloodstream)

Front 45

treatment of choice for aspergillus?

Back 45

voriconazole - quickly

Front 46

morphology of zygomycetes?

Back 46

large diameter non-septate hyphae with 90 degree branching, do not grow well at 37 C

Front 47

clinical manifestations of zygomycetes (mucormycosis)?

Back 47

rhinocerebral (uncontrolled diabetics susceptible), pulmonary, disseminated, cutaneous, gi

Front 48

distinguishing features of blastomyces?

Back 48

broad based budding and may present as cutaneous

Front 49

distinguishing features of coccidiodes?

Back 49

spherule with meningitis most serious and lethal complication

Front 50

most common endemic fungal infection?

Back 50

histoplasma

Front 51

diagnosis of histoplasmosis?

Back 51

antigen detection

Front 52

morphology of clostridium?

Back 52

large Gm(+) sporeforming rods, obligate anaerobes

Front 53

most potent bacterial toxin and mechanism?

Back 53

botulinum; prevents release of Ach at neuromuscular junction

Front 54

clinical manifestations and identify the most common?

Back 54

food-borne [18-36 hrs, symmetric descending flaccid paralysis], wound, infant [most common, 2wks -6 mos later, honey]

Front 55

diagnosis and treatment for botulism?

Back 55

cranial nerve involvement, administer polyvalent A, B, E antitoxin, supportive respiratory care

Front 56

why can a vaccine be formulated against tetanus and what is the toxin mechanism?

Back 56

one serotype; travels retrograde intra-axonally to block release of glycine at inhibitory synapse

Front 57

vaccine and management for tetanus?

Back 57

passive immunization with antitoxin; DTaP and Tdap [need booster to maintain circulating antibody levels]

Front 58

morphology of neisseria?

Back 58

Gm(-) diplococci

Front 59

major virulence factor in meningococcus?

Back 59

capsule

Front 60

clinical manifestations of meningococcus?

Back 60

local infection, meningococcemia [endotoxin shock, DIC --> amputations], meningitis [permanent CNS damage]; extremely rapid progression [24 hrs]

Front 61

vaccine for meningococcus and shortcomings?

Back 61

MPSV4 for >55; MCV4 conjugated; serogroup B capsule is not effective in any vaccine yet

Front 62

clinical manifestations of cryptococcus?

Back 62

pulmonary [not always symptomatic], CNS cryptococcosis, disseminated

Front 63

diagnosis of cryptococcus?

Back 63

CSF examination for cryptococcal antigen or with india ink