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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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In Genby's chapter the tension between enjoyment and teaching is highlighted. children's authors have tried to instruct and delight. Even stories that contained a moral and to teach proper behaviour set out to entertain and set the child as the hero or heroine, not adults.
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Robinson Crusoe 1719 Daniel Defoe is considered to be one of the first novels ever published in English.
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Robinsonnade - term coined to describe books that feature a protagonist relying on his wits and trying to survive in a hostile enviroment. Many other books of this type written...The young Robinson, The Swiss Family Robinson, Coral Island, Treasure Island and Swallows and Amazons.
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The difference between respectable and popular children's lit.
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Respectable - Expensive, overtly moralistic, serious, religious, realistic.
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Popular - cheap, no moral ending, frivolous, secular, fantastic.
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activity 1.7 Discovering jane Johnson's library. DVD 1 Morag Styles comments on the cards of Johnson.
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Jane Johnson was upper middle class, well educated. Designed cards for use with her children. The cards invite dialogue. Child centred, active learning but also enjoyable.
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The cards show the importance of women as teachers within the home, learning wasn't something that just went on in formal settings like school.
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The idea of the child as a social construct. Aries, in Centuries of Childhood cliamed that the notion of childhood as a distinct phase of the human life cycle did not exist before the end of the 15C. Instead children were thought of as miniature adults with the same thinking capacities, doing the same activities, wearing the same clothes but not perhaps the same physical strength.
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Aries claimed that because of the uncertainty of infant survival children were treated with indifference and that it wasnt until the 18 c that the idea of children being different from adults arose.
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Criticised for only looking at how children were represented in art and not using other sources. The historian Pollock points to diaries and letters to show that children were cherised.
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Philosopher John Locke (1632-1704) believed children were born neither evil nor good but as blank slates whose minds needed to be shaped by education and training.
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Jacque Jean Rousseau (1712-78) in his book Emile or On Education, children were born innocent and needed protection from an adult world that would corrupt them. Rousseau advocated that children should be allowed to develop at their own pace, naturally. He thought children should not be forced to read books, but he did make an exception for Robinson Crusoe.
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Both Locke and Rousseau were interested in the education of boys but had little to say about girls. Ideas about innocence and were picked up by later poets such as Blake and Wordsworth.
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Analysing images of the child.
The first image is of the Puritan family. The mother and children are separate from the father making him the figure of authority. The family members face him subdued and subservient. |
The Gainsborough depicts children in nature beyond adult authority. Painted before Rousseau but anticpates Rousseau's views on childhood.
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The late Victorian painting depicts a girl and boy in a sort of garden scene, yet the space seems enclosed. It says that they painting shows strict gender roles (but I don't see it) the boy is looking directly at the viewers, the girl looks demurely away.
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Moving on to Poetry. William Blake is closely associated with the Romantic discourse of childhood. His poems Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience focuses on themes of childhood.
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A cradle song, from songs of innocence.
child compared to Christ, ref to angels and doves, purity and innocence. |
A cradle song from songs of experience.
Infant wiles, corrupt and experienced. |
