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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who was Robert Goddard?
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Father of American rocketry - 100 static flights - 48 flight tests - Conceived multi-stage rocket and pump feed system for liquid fuel rockets - Multi-stage rocket patented in 1914 - Dev/launched liquid fuel rocket in 1926 - Dev'd attitude control methods in 1937 |
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Who was Konstantin Tsiolkovsky?
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Father of Russian cosmonautics - deaf/uneducated, taught himself Newtonian Physics - Calculated velocity a rocket needs to reach space |
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Who was Werner von Braun?
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- Led German Army V series rocket program - Surrendered to US Army, Operation Paperclip - Developed Saturn V rocket that took US astronauts to the moon |
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When did USSR launch Sputnik 1?
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October 1957
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When did US launch Explorer I?
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January of 1958
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Who was the first human in space?
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USSR's cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin in 1961
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When was National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) founded?
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July of 1958
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What was the Mercury Project?
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- Est. to launch US astronauts into space - Tested physical/cognitive effects on humans - First 2 flights were suborbital - Used Atlas rocket - John Glenn was first American to orbit Earth during Mercury-Atlas 6 mission in 1962 |
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What was Gemini?
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- Launched 2 years after end of Mercury missions - Purpose was to perfect hardware & procedures for moon landing - Used Titan II ICBM |
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What was Apollo?
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- Moon landing mission - Lunar Orbit Rendezvous (LOR) module used for landing - Apollo 11, commanded by Neil Armstrong, landed 20 July 1969 - Apollo 17 was last moon landing mission |
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Name the four Space Stations
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1. Skylab (first US station) 2. Salyut (first USSR station 1971 - 1982) 3. MIR (redesigned Salyut, 1986 - 1991) 4. International Space Station (1998 - present) |
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Name the two Shuttle disasters with dates
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1. Space Shuttle Challenger - 28 Jan 1986 2. Space Shuttle Columbia - 1 Feb 2003 |
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Name the two commercial ventures
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1. Space X - Founded in 2002 by Elon Musk - Dragon Capsule delivers cargo to Int'l Space station in 2012 2. Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC) - Sm/Med-class space lift - Taurus & Pegasus rockets |
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Who were our military space leaders?
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- Robert Goddard - Theodore von Karmin - Cal Tech professor - Director of GALCIT (Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory, Cal Tech) - Led rocket research under Air Corps Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) - General Henry "Hap" Arnold - CC of AAF and Chief of the Air Corps (WWII) - Secured $10,000 for GALCIT |
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When did the Germans successfully develop/launch a liquid fueled rocket?
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1931
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When did the Nazi regime develop the operational V-2 rocket, capable of reaching the UK from France?
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1944
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When did President Truman decide to use the Atomic bomb and what were the effects?
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August 1945 - Japan surrendered - Put Soviets on defensive - Climate of distrust btw US and USSR - Arms Race began |
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What was the Army Air Forces (AAF) Advisory Group? (later to become AAF Advisory Board)
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Created by Hap Arnold, focused on R&D to ensure future Air & Space superiority - AAF Advisory Group/Board determined that long range missiles with highly destructive payloads were essential to future air superiority (22 Aug 1945) |
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What was project RAND (Research and Development?
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- Awarded contract to Douglas Aircraft Company in 1945 to conduct theoretical studies on many capes to include Space - Led to formation of RAND Corp in 1948 |
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When did General Hoyt S. Vandenberg take over as Chief of Staff and what was his vision?
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1948 - R&D focused- called for AF MAJCOM for R&D - Focused on strategic msn & effects - Sought to have AF leadership control all future strategic missions including ICBMs and satellite surveillance |
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List the early rocket and ICBM programs:
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- Project Bumper (German V-2 rocket tests) - Hermes Project (led by von Braun) - ICBM development begins in 1946 - warheads too large w/ low yield - accuracy requirements too high |
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President Truman authorized H-bomb research. When were the first tests conducted?
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US tests H-bomb first in 1952 USSR tests one in 1953 |
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What was President Eisenhower's Open Skies Policy?
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- Attempt to address lack of intel - Goal to establish freedom of overflight for satellites, high altitude balloons and aircraft - US committed to develop aircraft and satellites for the collection of Intel |
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When did the USSR declare the worlds first ICBM as operational?
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May of 1957 - after the successful test of the SS-6 (Sapwood ICBM) |
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The Killian Panel in 1955 identified US was vulnerable to Soviet surprise attack. How did the US respond?
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- Constructed Thor IRBM as an interim solution before Atlas reached operational capability - First Thor Squadron operational in 1958 at RAF Feltwell, UK (Thor's 1750mi range capable of striking Moscow) |
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When was the International Geophysical Year?
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15 July 1957 - 31 December 1958
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When was Sputnik I and II launched?
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- Sputnik I on 4 Oct 1957 (SS-6 booster used) - Sputnik II in Nov 1957 |
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When was Vanguard disaster?
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December of 1957 (one month after Sputnik II launch)
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The ( ) committee in 1957 determined the US was extremely vulnerable to surprise attack due to in ability to detect incoming missiles |
The Gaither Committee
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In 1957, which command was established? |
North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) |
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Which Command performs the following three missions: 1. Ballistic Missile attack warning 2. Manned bomber warning 3. Space surveillance |
NORAD |
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Name the discoverer program which: - Began in 1955 - Had first successful launch Aug 1960 from VAFB - Used Thor IRBM as a booster - Allowed for photos of entire Soviet landmass - Detected construction of missile sites and airfields |
Discoverer Program: Corona |
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Name the agency established in 1961 who had the sole purpose of managing spy satellite programs |
National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) |
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What year did the AF begin construction on the Phased Array RADAR at Eglin AFB? |
Oct 1962 |
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Name the ICBM that was: - first true 2-stage liquid fueled rocket - first underground silo-based ICBM (operational late 1950s) |
Titan I |
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Name the ICBM that became operational in 1962, was silo-based, and used solid rocket fuel |
Minuteman I |
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Name the ICBM that was the first to use storable hypergolic fuel (hypergolic fuels used two substances which ignite on contact) |
Titan II |
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Name the ICBM that was strictly used as a launch vehicle |
Titan III |
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President Kennedy called these ICBMs his "Ace in the Hole" during the Cuban Missile Crisis (16 - 18 Oct 1968) |
Minutemen - First group of ICBMs placed on alert - located at Malmstrom AFB, MT |
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(SATCOM) These events describe this program: -Dev'd from Army designed & built Courier satellite -Joint ARMY/AF project -Required 26 satellites, 4 launched at a time onboard Titan IIIC -Provided strategic communication btw CCs in theatre and national leadership -Project Compass Link transmitted high resolution photographs btw Saigon and Washington D.C. |
Initial Defense Communications Satellite Program (IDCSP) |
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(SATCOM) Due to the need for higher bandwidth to enable tactical communications post IDCSP, this system was launched in 1971 |
Defense Satellite Communications System II (DSCS II) |
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The AF developed weather satellites under the Defense Satellite Applications Program, later renamed (blank) in 1973 |
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) |
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This treaty banned atmospheric detonation of nuclear weapons in 1963 |
Limited Test Ban Treaty -Vela Hotel satellite monitored compliance |
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Name the system: -R&D began early 1960s -Provided world-wide coverage for all launches & detonations of nuclear weapons -Increased warning time to allow more SAC bombers to take off -Ruina Report declared system too complex after several failed flights in 1962 -Led the way for development/launch/use of Defense Support Prgrm |
Missile Defense Alarm System (MIDAS) |
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Name the system: -Req'd heavy lift vehicle due to large size -Titan III launched first satellite into geosynchronous orbit in 1970 -Initial capability in 1973 |
Defense Support Program (DSP) |
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This was the first collaborative effort between the Navy and AF for GPS, starting in 1974 |
Navstar GPS -Goal to have operational by 1984 |
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What is being described: -Pres Reagan called for system to defend against ICBMs with his 'Star Wars' speech in 1983 -Intended to replace Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) with an active defense policy -Increased military spending, R&D programs |
Strategic Defense Initiative |
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AFSPC declares (blank) operational on 15 January 1991 -- only 1 day prior before Desert Storm's air campaign begins This was also the first war where this capability was widely used by the US military |
GPS |
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This capability provided fast, reliable weather data to plan air missions |
DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) |
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The (Blank) was activated in Nov 1993 and: -Fostered improved space sup't to warfighters -Now part of the Air Warfare Center (AWC) -Now under Air Combat Command (ACC) |
Space Warfare Center (SWC) |
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It was during this operation where: -Afghani forces attempted to disrupt GPS signals -US destroyed ground-based satellite communications site |
Operation Enduring Freedom |
