Block 1 Cvrr Spring Oms1 2010: Cholinolytics, Cholinomimetics, Sympathomimetics, Alpha/beta Antagonists

Front 1

Treats GI hypermotility and GU bladder spasms, a tertiary amine. A distinct side effect is respiratory distress. Competes for muscarine receptors.

Back 1

Dicyclomine

Front 2

Treats mydriasis and cycloplegia, increases HR, reduces airway secretions and GI motility. Side effects include decreased sweating and lacrimation, high body temperature, tachycardia, constipation, dry mouth, and blurred vision with mydriasis. Affects CNS. The generic, model drug of its category of tertiary amines that compete for muscarine receptors.

Back 2

Atropine

Front 3

Treats overactive GU, may cause atropine fever and CNS side effects. A tertiary amine that competes for muscarinic receptors.

Back 3

Oxybutynin

Front 4

A tertiary amine that competes for muscarine receptors and is used to treat motion sickness - readily absorbed in the skin and has a long duration.

Back 4

Scopolamine

Front 5

Used to treat overactive GU (bladder). A tertiary amine and muscarinic receptor antagonist.

Back 5

Tolterodine

Front 6

Two drugs that are used to induce cycloplegia and mydriasis (eyes) - may cause vision disturbances. Tertiary amines muscarinic receptor competitive antagonists.

Back 6

Tropicamide, Tridihexethyl

Front 7

Name the five muscarinic receptor blockers that are used to treat Parkinson's Disease - all five are tertiary amines and have side effects such as decreased sweating/lacrimation, pyrexia, dry mouth, constipation, tachycardia, blurred vision and mydriasis, heart arrhythmias.

Back 7

Useful acronym: BB TOP - Benztropine, Biperiden, Trihexyphenydyl, Orphenadrine, Procyclidine

Front 8

This class of drugs is contraindicated in glaucoma, children, and prostatic hyperplasia.

Back 8

Nonselective muscarinic blockers

Front 9

Describe the drug kinetics (solubility, distribution, elimination, half-life) for nonspecific, tertiary amine muscarinic receptor blockers, and describe the exception for Scopolamine.

Back 9

Tertiary amines are lipid soluble, well distributed in the CNS, eliminated via metabolism in the liver and renal excretion, and have a half life of 2 hours. Scopolamine has a longer duration and is more easily absorbed through the skin.

Front 10

A quaternary amine that blocks muscarine receptors (nonspecific) and induces mydriasis and cycloplegia (treatment for eyes).

Back 10

Cyclopentolate

Front 11

These four nonspecific muscarinic receptor blockers are quaternary amines that have effects on the GI - often an adjunct therapy for peptic ulcer disease.

Back 11

Useful Mnemonic: 4 GIGs
4 meaning quaternary amine, GI indicating treats GI either for peptic ulcer disease or by increasing motility. Glycopyrrolate, Mepenzolate, Methscopolamine, Propantheline.

Front 12

List the tertiary amines that are nonspecific muscarinic receptor blockers but are generally NOT used to treat Parkinsons (Mnemonic Hint: T-T-TOADS)

Back 12

Tridihexethyl, Tropicamide, Tolterodine, Oxybutynin, Atropine, Dicyclomine, Scopolamine

Front 13

Two nonspecific muscarinic blockers (quaternary amines) that are inhaled bronchodilators for the treatment of COPD and asthma.

Back 13

Ipratropium, Tiotropium

Front 14

This quaternary amine is used during and post-surgically to prevent muscarinic effects as well as bladder spasms or incontinence.

Back 14

Glycopyrrolate

Front 15

What two things differentiate tertiary and quaternary amine muscarinic receptor blockers as far as kinetics and toxicity?

Back 15

Kinetically, quaternary amines are poorly/erratically absorbed after oral administration, while tertiary amines are readily absorbed and distribute into the CNS.

As for toxicity, they share the same side effects but quaternary amines have reduced CNS side effects (most likely from reduced CNS penetration)

Front 16

What is the mechanism of action of muscarinic receptor blockers?

Back 16

They are competitive antagonists of muscaric receptors and thus prevent parasympathetic organ effects.

Front 17

What is the mechanism of action of nicotinic receptor/ganglion blockers?

Back 17

They are a nondepolarizing competitive antagonist of nicotinic receptors located on ganglia.

Front 18

List the three nicotinic receptor blockers, two quaternary and one secondary.

Back 18

The two quaternary nicotinic receptor blockers are Hexamethonium and Trimethaphan. One secondary quaternary nicotinic receptor blocker is Mecamylamine.

Front 19

This is a secondary amine, and a nicotinic receptor blocker - it treats hypertensive emergencies, induces hypotension, and is an adjunctive therapy for electroconvulsive therapy and smoking cessation.

Back 19

Mecamylamine

Front 20

This ganglion blocker (nicotinic) is a quaternary amine that has historically been used for hypertensive emergencies and experimentally for asthma.

Back 20

Hexamethonium

Front 21

This ganglion blocker (nicotinic) is a quaternary amine that is used to induce hypotension during hypertensive emergencies.

Back 21

Trimethaphan

Front 22

Describe the differences in the kinetics and toxicity of secondary and quaternary amines of the ganglion (nicotinic receptor) blocker class of drugs.

Back 22

Quaternary amines are poorly/erratically absorbed PO, while secondary amines have improved GI absorption and distribution to the CNS.

The side effects of quaternary amines include limited disruption of the ANS, and secondary amines have side effects on the CNS.

Front 23

Name the direct-acting cholinoceptor stimulants that are quaternary amines (Hint: ABC).

Back 23

Acetylcholine, Bethanechol, Carbachol

Front 24

These two quaternary amines directly stimulate both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors

Back 24

Acetylcholine, Carbachol

Front 25

These three tertiary amines are direct-acting cholinoceptor stimulants.

Back 25

Cevimeline, Pilocarpine, Varenicline

Front 26

These four direct-acting cholinoceptor stimulants have side effects that include muscarinic excess, decreased sweating, bradycardia, increased bowel activity, urination, blurred vision, miosis.

Back 26

Bethanechol, Cevimeline, Carbachol, Pilocarpine

Front 27

This direct-acting cholinoceptor stimulant acts on nicotinic receptors in the CNS, is a tertiary amine, and is used for smoking cessation. Side effects include nausea, headache, sleep disturbances, and neuropsychiatric effects.

Back 27

Varenicline

Front 28

This direct-acting cholinoceptor stimulant is produced in vivo, and activates both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. It is a quaternary amine, rapidly metabolized (short half life), and must be given per IV. It is also used as an intraocular solution for glaucoma. Risk of autonomic excess.

Back 28

Acetylcholine. FYI: degraded by Acetylcholine Esterase (AChE) within 5-20 seconds.

Front 29

This tertiary amine directly activates muscarinic receptors, and is given PO for dry mouth from Sjogren syndrome. Risk of muscarinic excess.

Back 29

Cevimeline

Front 30

These three direct-acting cholinoceptor stimulants treat glaucoma by activating the ciliary muscle and pupillary sphincter in the eye. Risk of muscarinic excess.

Back 30

Acetylcholine, Pilocarpine, Carbachol

Front 31

This quaternary amine directly activates mucarinic receptors, is administered PO or SC, and treats various GI disorders by activating bowel and bladder SM (e.g. postoperative and neurogenic ilius, urinary retention)

Back 31

Bethanecol

Front 32

These organophosphates are indirect-acting cholinomimetics that irreversibly inhibit AChE, thereby increasing ACh and subsequent activation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. DUMBBELSS side effects.

Back 32

Echothiophate, Parathion, Malathion, Sarin, Soman

Front 33

List the side effects of the mnemonic DUMBBELSS - for indirect-acting cholinomimetics (reversible and irreversible AChE inhibitors)

Back 33

DUMBBELSS - diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchospasm, bradycardia, excitation, lacrimation, sweating, salivation

Front 34

These two insecticides are organophosphates and irreversible inhibitors of AChE (indirect-acting cholinomimetics). DUMBBELSS side effects.

Back 34

Parathion, Malathion

Front 35

These two nerve gases are organophosphates that irreversibly inhibit AChE, increasing ACh available for muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. DUMBBELSS side effects.

Back 35

Sarin, Soman

Front 36

This organophosphate is an indirect-acting cholinomimetic that irreversibly inhibits AChE. It is prepared as a ophthalmic powder for glaucoma, long duration 100 hours, and is a quaternary amine. DUMBBELSS side effects.

Back 36

Echothiophate

Front 37

List 10 reversible AChE inhibitors - indirect-acting cholinomimetics. DUMBBELSS side effects.

Back 37

Neostigmine, Physostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Ambenonium, Demecarium, Edrophonium, Tacrine, Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine

Front 38

These four indirect-acting cholinomimetics are reversible AChE inhibitors that are PO tertiary amines that are used to treat cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimers.

Back 38

Tacrine, Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine

Front 39

These three indirect-acting cholinomimetics are reversible AChE inhibitors used to treat or test for Myasthenia Gravis. DUMBBELSS side effects.

Back 39

Neostigmine and Pyridostigmine (both PO and Parenteral) treat MG, Edrophonium (Parenteral) tests for MG.

Front 40

Two indirect-acting cholinomimetic reversible AChE inhibitors used to treat glaucoma. DUMBBELSS side effects.

Back 40

Physostigmine (ophthalmic ointment), Demecarium (ophthalmic drops)

Front 41

This indirect-acting cholinomimetic reversible AChE inhibitor is used to treat atropine poisoning (IM/IV) and glaucoma. It distributes throughout the body and is absorbed through the skin.

Back 41

Physostigmine

Front 42

This indirect-acting cholinomimetic reversible AChE inhibitor is used to treat MG, paralytic ileus, and urinary bladder atony. DUMBBELSS side effects.

Back 42

Neostigmine

Front 43

This drug is an AChE regenerator - it displaces organophosphates from AChE active site - given with 48 hours of insecticide poisoning (respiratory depression, muscle weakness, twitching)

Back 43

Pralidoxime (PAM)

Front 44

What are the side effects of the AChE regenerator used to treat organophosphate insecticide poisoning?

Back 44

Tachycardia, HTN, pain on injection, muscle rigidity, weakness, transient increase in ALT/AST, rash, nausea, dizziness, headache, decreased renal function

Front 45

Name the chemical produced by an anaerobic bacterium that causes nerve paralysis and inhibits docking and fusion of ACh vesicles by cleaving synaptobrevin. Injected locally.

Back 45

Botulinum Toxin

Front 46

These two nonspecific alpha adrenergic receptor antagonists are used to treat pheochromocytoma and side effects include postural hypotension, reflex tachycardia, nasal stuffiness, inhibition of ejaculation, sedation nausea, blurred vision, and GI upset.

Back 46

Phenoxybenzamine PO (long), Phentolamine PO

Front 47

This nonspecific reversible alpha adrenergic receptor antagonist increases NE release, inhibits serotonin, and is an agonist at muscarinic, H1 and H2 histamine receptors. Also injected into penis to treat ED.

Back 47

Phentolamine

Front 48

This irreversible nonspecific alpha adrenergic receptor antagonist prevents uptake of NE, blocks H1, AChR, and serotonin receptors, and its primary use is to block vasoconstriction.

Back 48

Phenoxybenzamine

Front 49

List the five alpha 1 adrenergic receptor antagonists (Hint: 4 Zosin, 1 Losin)

Back 49

Alfuzosin, Doxazosin, Prazosin, Terazosin, Tamsulosin

Front 50

These four alpha 1 adrenergic receptor antagonists treat HTN, Raynaud's phenomenon, BPH-urinary obstruction. Side effects include orthostatic hypotension, 1st dose syncope, papitations, blurred vision, priapism, and GI upset. (Hint: Zosin)

Back 50

Alfuzosin (just for BPH-urinary obstruction), Doxazosin, Prazosin, Terazosin

Front 51

Order the following based on increasing half life: Alfuzosin, Prazosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin, Tamsulosin

Back 51

Prazosin (3h), Alfuzosin (5h), Terazosin (9-12h), Tamulosin (9-15h), Doxazosin (22h)

Front 52

This alpha 1 adrenergic receptor antagonist treats BPH-urinary obstruction and works to inhibit constriction in the vascular smooth muscle and prostate. Side effects include 1st dose syncope, abnormal ejaculation, headache, dizziness, sleep problems, GI (diarrhea)

Back 52

Tamulosin

Front 53

This drug is an alpha 2 adrenergic receptor antagonist, used to treat impotence by inducing more NE release from sympathetic terminals. May cause increased catechol tone via blockade of presynaptic alpha 2 receptors (inhibitory) and lead to nonattenuated NE releaes.

Back 53

Yohimbine

Front 54

The following side effects are from which class of drug: bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, negative inotropy, hypotension, arrhythmias, sedation and depression, impotence, GI effects, altered lipid panels, reduced recovery from hypoglycemia.

Back 54

Nonspecific Beta Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists

Front 55

List the 7 nonspecific beta adrenergic receptor antagonists - they slow heart rate, reduce contractile force, inhibit renin release from the kidney, reduce aqueous humor secretion, bronchoconstriction, inhibit hepatic glycolysis, some have anesthetic properties.

Back 55

Propranolol, Penbutolol, Pindolol, Cartelol, Nadolol, Sotalol, Timolol

Front 56

List the following in order of decreasing lipid solubility (nonspecific beta adrenergic receptor antagonists): Propranolol, Penbutolol, Pindolol, Carteolol, Nadolol, Sotalol, Timolol

Back 56

Penbutolol (high); Pindolol, Timolol (medium); Carteolol, Nadolol, Sotalol (low);

Propranolol (variable bioavailability).

Front 57

This nonspecific beta adrenergic receptor antagonist is one of the model drugs of its class, is a prototype. Extensive 1st pass metabolism and variable bioavailability. Used to treat HTN, glaucoma, ischemic heart disease, post-MI prophylaxis, stage freight, tremors, migraines, and portal HTN.

Back 57

Propranolol

Front 58

These two nonspecific beta adrenergic receptor antagonists are partial agonists, incompletely block heart/lung function. Are used for HTN and angina to reduce bradycardia/bronchodilation.

Back 58

Penbutolol (no anesthetic action), Pindolol

Front 59

This nonspecific beta adrenergic receptor antagonist incompletely blocks lungs/heart function, is a partial agonist, has fewer CNS side effects than others in its class, and is used topically for glaucoma.

Back 59

Carteolol

Front 60

This nonspecific beta adrenergic receptor antagonist has no anesthetic action, a long duration, low lipid solubility, low CNS side effects, and treats portal HTN in combination with isosorbide mononitrate.

Back 60

Nadolol

Front 61

This nonspecific beta adrenergic receptor antagonist has a long half life and low lipid solubility, lacks anesthetic action, and is used to treat supraventricular arrhythmias by slowing HR, ventricular force, inhibiting renin release, and inducing bronchoconstriction.

Back 61

Sotalol (SotAlol = Supraventricular Arrhythmia)

Front 62

This nonspecific beta adrenergic receptor antagonist is moderately lipid soluble, lacks anesthetic action, and is used to treat glaucoma (reduces aqueous humor secretion)

Back 62

Timolol

Front 63

List six beta 1 adrenergic receptor antagonists (BA-BEAM)

Back 63

Bisoprolol, Acebutolol, Betaxolol, Esmolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol

Front 64

This beta 1 adrenergic receptor antagonist has slight agonist activity and some anesthetic effects. It has low lipid solubility and is used to treat HTN, angina (slows HR, contractions, inhibits renin, induces bronchoconstriction)

Back 64

Acebutolol

Front 65

This class of drugs has specific antagonistic activity and the side effects include bradycardia, negative inotropy, hypotension, arrhythmias, sedation and depression, reduced recovery from hypoglycemia, negative GI effects, altered lipid panels. Bronchoconstriction is much less pronounced in the drugs of this class compared to their nonspecific counterparts.

Back 65

Beta 1 specific adrenergic receptor antagonists (BA-BEAM)

Front 66

This beta 1 adrenergic receptor antagonist has NO agonist activity, has long duration, and is used to treat hypertension and angina.

Back 66

Bisoprolol

Front 67

This beta 1 adrenergic receptor antagonist has a long duration and is used topically to treat glaucoma - very reduced lung effects.

Back 67

Betaxolol

Front 68

This beta 1 adrenergic receptor antagonist has a very short half life (minutes) and can only be administered per IV. It is used to treat perioperative HTN, MI, and supraventricular arrhythmias.

Back 68

Esmolol

Front 69

These two beta 1 adrenergic receptor antagonists reduced lung and endocrine effects, and may be better for patients with asthma, COPD, and diabetes. Used for HTN, glaucoma, ischemic heart disease, stage fight, tremor, migraines, post-MI prophylaxis, portal HTN.

Back 69

Atenolol, Metoprolol

Front 70

Name a beta 2 adrenergic receptor antagonist - it only produces bronchoconstriction. No clinical value.

Back 70

Butoxamine

Front 71

Name two mixed alpha/beta adrenergic receptor antagonists - both are absorbed well PO.

Back 71

Carvedilol, Labetalol

Front 72

Name the mixed alpha/beta adrenergic receptor antagonist used for HTN and CHF, which also causes bronchoconstriction, orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, fatigue, weight gain, bradycardia, heart block.

Back 72

Carvedilol

Front 73

Name the mixed alpha/beta adrenergic receptor antagonist used for HTN and hypertensive emergencies. Side effects include hepatic necrosis, bronchospasm, priapism.

Back 73

Labetalol

Front 74

This catecholamine is produced in vivo and is a nonspecific beta and alpha adrenergic receptor agonist. It is used for glaucoma (increase outflow), anaphylaxis, hypotension, heart failure, severe asthma, reduced local blood flow. Risk of sympathetic excess.

Back 74

Epinephrine

Front 75

This catecholamine is produced in vivo and is a strong agonist for beta 1 and alpha adrenergic receptors. Increases PVR via alpha 1, and increases cardiac output via beta 1. Used for hypotension and heart failure.

Back 75

Norepinephrine

Front 76

This catecholamine is produced in vivo and it is an agonist for D1, D2 receptors, less against beta, and least against alpha - allows for different effects at different concentrations (low, medium, and high respectively). Used for hypotension and heart failure - increases cardiac output.

Back 76

Dopamine (low = D1/2 = dilation of renal and coronary vascular beds; medium = beta = speeds HR; high = alpha = vasoconstriction and catecholamine release.)

Front 77

This catecholamine inhibits D1 strongly and D2 less strongly. Causes dilation of renal and coronary capillary beds. Used to treat severe HTN.

Back 77

Fenoldopam

Front 78

This catecholamine strongly inhibits beta 1 and 2, barely inhibits alpha receptors. Causes inotropy and chronotropy, vasodilation. Used for bradycardia (atropine resistant) or heart block.

Back 78

Isoproterenol

Front 79

This catecholamine is a strong beta 1 agonist, less strong beta 2 agonist, and weak alpha agonist. Is inotropic and chronotropic. Used in heart failure.

Back 79

Dobutamine

Front 80

These two catecholamines may cause palpitations, tachycardia, headache, flushed skin, cardiac ischemia and arrhythmias (one has stronger pressor effects)

Back 80

Isoproterenol, Dobutamine (pressor effects).

Front 81

These three catecholamines have an increased risk cardiac ischemia (less coronary vessel dilation), reflex bradycardia, and also cause symptoms of sympathetic excess.

Back 81

Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Fenoldopam

Front 82

How must catecholamines be administered and why?

Back 82

Must be intravenous due to minutes-long half lives and rapid degradation by MAO and COMT. Also IV increases CNS penetration.

Front 83

List six non-catechol alpha adrenergic receptor agonists often used to treat hypotension or nasal sinus congestion.

Back 83

Phenylephrine, Methoxamine, Midodrine, Pseudoephedrine, Xylometazoline, Oxymetazoline

Front 84

This non-catechol alpha adrenergic receptor agonist vasoconstricts the veins and arteries, has more alpha 2 agonist effects than others within its group, and is used as a nasal decongestant. Some risk of hypotension.

Back 84

Oxymetazoline

Front 85

These two non-catechol alpha adrenergic receptor agonists cause vasoconstriction of arteries/veins and are used to treat hypotension. May cause systemic HTN.

Back 85

Methoxamine, Midodrine

Front 86

These two non-catechol alpha adrenergic receptor agonists vasoconstrict arteries/veins and are used as nasal decongestants. No other significant uses listed. One has HTN as a side effect.

Back 86

Pseudoephedrine (HTN), and Xylometazoline

Front 87

This non-catechol alpha adrenergic receptor agonist vasoconstricts arteries/veins and is used as a nasal decongestant. ALSO, it is used to treat shock (IV, IM), hypotension, and for fundus examination of the eye. Side effects include systemic HTN.

Back 87

Phenylephrine

Front 88

These four non-catechol beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonists are used to treat asthma (as needed) and have short duration, along with bulky side chains that reduce PO availability. Given as aerosol.

Back 88

Terbutaline, Albuterol, L-Albuterol, Pirbuterol

Front 89

Intended and unintended effects of non-catechol beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonists include...

Back 89

Intended: bronchodilation. Unintended: skeletal muscle tremors, tachycardia, reduced oxygen tension, downregulation of receptors

Front 90

These two non-catechol beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonists have long durations and are used for severe asthma when short acting beta agonists do not work.

Back 90

Salmeterol, Formoterol

Front 91

This non-catechol beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonist is long duration via IV and used to induce uterine relaxation (premature labor). Its effectiveness is controversial.

Back 91

Ritodrine

Front 92

This drug is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and adenosine antagonist taken PO for asthma. May cause increased HR, nervousness, tremor.

Back 92

Theophylline

Front 93

These five drugs are non-catechol alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonists that inhibit presynaptic release of synaptic vesicles. In sympathetic neurons, it decreases sympathetic output from the CNS. Used to treat HTN, May cause sedation, dry mouth, constipation, impotence.

Back 93

Clonidine, Methylnorepinephrine, Dexmedetomidine, Aproclonidine, Brimonidine

Front 94

This drug indirectly inhibits neurotransmitter uptake at catecholaminergic synapses. It readily enters the CNS and has amphetamine-like (side) effects, causing local reduction of blood flow.

Back 94

Cocaine

Front 95

This chemical is found in fermented food (beer, beans, cheese, meats, wine, yeast) and indirectly stimulates the release of catecholamines. Inactivated by MAO. Not used clinically, and side effects include catecholamine excess, especially with MAO inhibitors.

Back 95

Tyramine

Front 96

This drug indirectly stimulates release of catecholamines and directly activates adrenoreceptors. It is well absorbed, has good CNS penetration, and long duration. It can be used for nasal congestion, asthma, chronic orthostatic HoTN, has long term pressor effects. Side effects include anorexia, insomnia, HTN, arrhythmias.

Back 96

Ephedrine

Front 97

These drugs are used for the treatment of ADHD, narcolepsy, and overweight (anorexiant). They indirectly stimulate the release of catecholamines and block reuptake. They are well absorbed (CNS), long lasting, and other effects include restlessness, dizziness, tremor, hyperactive reflexes, anxiety, delirium, libido changes, paranoia, hallucinations, panic states, and suicidal tendencies.

Back 97

Amphetamine (Adderall), Methamphetamine (Desoxyn), Phenmetrazine, Methylphenidate (Ritalin), Modafinil (Provigil), Pemoline (Cylert, q24).

Front 98

This chemical is available OTC and used for weight reduction. It has weak sympathomimetic activity.

Back 98

Phenylpropanolamine

Front 99

What category are these drugs:
Atropine, Dicyclomine, Oxybutynine, Scopolamine, Tolterodine, Tropicamide, Tridihexethyl

Back 99

Tertiary Amines, Non-Parkinson's, Nonspecific Muscarinic Blockers

Front 100

What category are these drugs:
Benztropine, Biperiden, Orphenadrine, Procyclidine, Trihexyphenidyl

Back 100

Tertiary Amines, Parkinson's, Nonspecific Muscarinic Blockers

Front 101

What category are these drugs:
Cyclopentolate, Glycopyrrolate, Ipratropium, Tiotropium, Mepenzolate, Methscopolamine, Propantheline

Back 101

Quaternary Amines, Nonspecific Muscarinic Blockers

Front 102

What category are these drugs:
Hexamethonium, Trimethaphan, Mecamylamine

Back 102

Nicotinic Blockers, Quaternary and Secondary Amines

Front 103

What category are these drugs:
Acetylcholine, Bethanechol, Pilocarpine, Cevimeline, Carbachol, Varenicline

Back 103

Direct-Acting Cholinoceptor Stimulants

Front 104

What category are these drugs:
Neostigmine, Physostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Ambenonium, Demecarium, Edrophonium, Tacrine, Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine

Back 104

Indirect-Acting Reversible Cholinomimetics

Front 105

What category are these drugs:
Echothiophate, Parathion, Malathion, Sarin, Soman

Back 105

Indirect-Acting Irreversible Cholinomimetics

Front 106

What category is this drug:
Pralidoxime

Back 106

AChE Regenerator

Front 107

What category is this drug:
Botulinum Toxin

Back 107

Inhibitor of Synaptic Vesicle Function

Front 108

What category are these drugs:
Phenoxybenzamin, Phentolamine

Back 108

Nonspecific Alpha Adrenergic Receptor Inhibitors

Front 109

What category are these drugs:
Prazosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin, Alfuzosin, Tamsulosin

Back 109

Alpha 1 Adrenergic Receptor Inhibitors

Front 110

What category is this drug:
Yohimbine

Back 110

Alpha 2 Adrenergic Receptor Inhibitors

Front 111

What category are these drugs:
Propranolol, Penbutolol, Pindolol, Carteolol, Nadolol, Sotalol, Timolol

Back 111

Nonspecific Beta Adrenergic Receptor Inhibitors

Front 112

What category are these drugs:
Acebutolol, Bisoprolol, Betaxolol, Esmolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol

Back 112

Beta 1 Adrenergic Receptor Inhibitors

Front 113

What category is this drug:
Butoxamine

Back 113

Beta 2 Adrenergic Receptor Inhibitors

Front 114

What category are these drugs:
Carvedilol, Labetalol

Back 114

Mixed Alpha/Beta Adrenergic Receptor Inhibitors

Front 115

What category are these drugs:
Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Fenoldopam, Isoproterenol, Dobutamine

Back 115

Catecholamines

Front 116

What category are these drugs:
Phenylephrine, Methoxamine, Midodrine, Pseudoephedrine, Xylometazoline, Oxymetazoline

Back 116

Non-Catecholamine a1 > a2 >>>>>> b Adrenergic Receptor Inhibitors

Front 117

What category are these drugs:
Terbutaline, Albuterol, L-albuterol, Pirbuterol, Salmeterol, Formoterol, Ritodrine

Back 117

Non-Catecholamine b2 > b1 >>>>> a Adrenergic Receptor Inhibitors

Front 118

What category is this drug:
Theophylline

Back 118

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor

Front 119

What category are these drugs:
Clonidine, Methylnorepinephrine, Dexmedetomidine, Aproclonidine, Brimonidine

Back 119

Non-Catecholamine a2 > a1 >>>>>> b Adrenergic Receptor Inhibitors

Front 120

What category are these drugs:
Amphetamine, Methamphetamine, Phenmetrazine, Methylphenidate, Modafinil, Pemoline

Back 120

Catecholamine release activators, reuptake inhibitors