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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What 4 steps does a normal cell undergoes to become a tumor cell?
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1. DNA damage (from induced or spontaneous damages)
2. mutations 3. select proliferation 4. many cells expand with multiple mutations |
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What can happen when there is a point mutation in Ras?
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Constant phosphorylation of Raf which phosphorylates MEK which activated MAPK which will constantly promote the switch from G1 to S
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What forms the mutation the philadelphia chromosome and what disease does this cause?
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translocation between chromosome 9 and 22 which creates a very tiny chromosome (Brc/abl)
Brc/abl causes constant activation of tyrosine kinase which causes CML (chronic Myeloid leukemia) |
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What oncogene causes Burkitt's lymphoma?
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A translocation between chromosome 8 and 14 puts the myco oncogene on an IgH locus which the B lymphocytes have over expression of myco gene
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The erbB2 gene in breast and ovarian cancer is an example of what kind of mutation?
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gain of function mutation
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What occurs when Rb is normally expressed and what type of cancer occurs when Rb is mutated and loses expression?
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Normal: Rb binds to EF2 to inhibit transcription activity to prevent the change in phase to S
Cancer: retinoblastoma and sacrcomas |
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What occurs when p16 is normally expressed and what type of cancer occurs when p16 loses expression
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Normal: p16 inhibits CDK4&6 and arrests G1
Cancer: melanoma, lung and pancreatic |
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What occurs when p53 is normally expressed and what type of cancer occurs when p53 loses expression?
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Normal: increases expression of p21 which arrests G1-->S
Cancer: many!! |
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What occurs when NF-1 is normally expressed and what type of cancer occurs when NF-1 loses expression?
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Normal: GTPase activating protein for RAS which inactivates Ras and arrests G1
Cancer: neurofibromatosisin NS |
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What is the difference between familial retinoblastoma and sporadic retinoblastoma?
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familial: loss of function of 1 copy of Rb
sporadic: loss of function of both copies of Rb |
