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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the characteristics of a typical neuron.
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Dendrites=branching projections that receive neurotransmitters and sends to cell body (lots of RER mitochondria large nucleus and nucleolus)
Dendrite spines are projections from dendrites that contain the receptor for neurotransmitters. Axons leave cell body (soma) and are sheathed with myelin for cell conduction and brings the signal to the axon terminal (synaptic boutons) that have vesicles of neurotransmitters |
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Describe axon transport
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-carrie action potentials sometimes hundreds of microns
-Microtubules assist in neurotransmitter support (kinesin = orthograde, dynein= retrograde) -sometimes has collateral side branching |
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Describe synapses and signal transmission.
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The terminal bouton of the axon releases neurtotransmitters into the synaptic cleft which finds the receptor on the post synaptic density of the dendrite spine. The neurotransmitter is release and either broken down or taken up by astrocytes
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What are the different types of neurons?
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afferent
efferent interneuron |
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What are the different shapes?
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unipolar-not in humans
bipolar-olfactory pyramidal cell purkinje cell motoneuron |
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What is the significance of abundant Nissl staining on neurons?
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Nissls are aggregates of abundant RER which reflects the high level of protein synthesis needed to maintain the geometry of the cell. A paleness of nissls is chromatolysis which means the cell is damaged
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Describe neuromelanin.
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Dark pigment in 4 brain regions (substantia nigra, pars compacta, locus coeruleus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve, merdiuan raphe nucleus of puns. This pigment disappears in parkinson's patients
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