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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bleeding from an artery, which is characterized by bright red blood and as rapid, profuse, and is difficult to control.
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arterial bleeding
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The major artery of the upper arm.
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brachial artery
(BRAY-ke-al) |
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Bleeding which is characterized by a slow, oozing flow of blood.
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capillary bleeding
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Shock due to AMI or congestive heart failure.
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cardiogenic shock
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When the patient is developing shock but the body is still able to maintain perfusion.
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compensated shock
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Occurs when the body can no longer compensate for low blood volume or lack of perfusion. Late signs such as decreasing blood pressure become evident.
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decompensated shock
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The major artery supplying the thigh.
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femoral artery
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Bleeding, especially severe bleeding.
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hemorrhage
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Shock resulting from blood loss.
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hemorrhagic shock
(HEM-or-AJ-ik) |
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Inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients.
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hypoperfusion
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Shock resulting from blood or fluid loss.
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hypovolemic shock
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When the body has lost the battle to maintain perfusion to vital organs. Even if adequate vital signs return, the patient may die days later due to organ failure.
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irreversible shock
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Hypoperfusion due to nerve paralysis (sometimes caused by spinal cord injuries) resulting in the dilation of blood vessels that increases the volume of the circulatory system beyond the point where it can be filled.
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neurogenic shock
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The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the adequate flow of blood through the capillaries.
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perfusion
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A site where a main artery lies near the surface of the body and directly over a bone. Pressure on such a point can stop distal bleeding.
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pressure point
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Also known as hypoperfusion. The inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. A life-threatening condition.
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shock
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A device used for bleeding control that constricts all blood flow to and from an extremeity.
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tourniquet
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Bleeding from a vein, which is characterized by dark red or maroon blood and has a steady flow, easy to control.
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venous bleeding
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Name the three main types of blood vessels, and describe the type of bleeding from each.
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1. Arteries (Spurting blood, pulsing low, bright red color)
2. Veins (Steady slow flow, dark red color) 3. Capillaries (Slow even flow) |
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What are the signs and symptoms of shock(in order of appearnce)?
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Signs (in order of appearance)/Symptoms of shock
1. Altered mental status(Anxiety, restlessness, combativeness) 2. Pale, cool, clammy skin 3. Nausea and vomiting 4. Vital sign changes such as increased pulse, decreased blood pressure, and increased respirations 5. Thirst 6. Dilated pupils 7. Cyanosis of lips and nail beds (late sign) 8. Delayed capillary refill (in infants) |
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What are the patient care steps for hypovolemic shock?
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1. Apply BSI
2. Maintain airway 3. Monitor respirations and ventilate if needed 4. Control external beeding 5. Apply and inflate the PASG 6. Elevate legs 8 -12 inches 7. Transport immediately 8. Reassure patient |
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What are the causes and signs of compensated shock?
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Cause: decrease in perfusion
Early Signs: 1. increased pulse 2. increased respiration 3. pale, cool and clammy skin 4. delayed capillary refill |
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What are the causes and signs of decompensated shock?
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Causes: low blood volume, lack of perfusion,
Late signs: 1. falling blood pressure |
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What are the causes and signs of irreversible shock?
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Causes: no perfusion
Late signs: 1. cell damage 2. death |
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What causes neurogenic shock?
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spinal injury
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What are the signs/symptoms for neurogenic shock?
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1.Bradycardia
2.Low blood pressure 3. Signs of spinal injury 4. Hypothermia |
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How do you treat for neurogenic shock?
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1. Secure airway
2. Assist ventilations 3. Conserve body heat 4. Apply PASG 5. Transport promptly |
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What are the causes of psychogenic shock?
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1. Temporary generalized vascular dilation
2. Anxiety 3. Bad news 4. Sight of injury/blood 5. Prospect of medical treatment 6. Severe pain 7. Illness 8. Tiredness |
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What are the signs/symptoms of psychogenic shock?
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1. Rapid pulse
2. Normal or low blood pressure |
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How do you treat psychogenic shock?
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1. Determine duration of unconsciousness
2. Record initial vital signs and mental status 3. Suspect heads injury if patient is confuused or slow to regain consciousness 4. Transport promptly |
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What are causes for septic shock?
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Severe bacterial infection
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What are the signs/symptoms of septic shock?
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1. Warm/hot skin
2. Tachycardia 3. Low blood pressure |
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How do you treat septic shock?
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1. Transport promptly
2. Administer oxygen en route 3. Elevate legs 4. Keep patient warm |
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What medical conditions can cause anaphylactic shock?
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- Allergic reactions
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What medical conditions can cause cardioogenic shock?
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- Congestive heart failure (CHF)
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) - Acute Myocardinal Infarction (AMI) - Stroke |
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What medical conditions can cause hypovolemic shock?
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- Dehydration
- Vomiting - Internal Bleeding/Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) - Diarrhea |
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What medical conditions can cause metabolic shock?
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Changes in brain chemistry
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What medical conditions can cause neurogenic shock?
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- Cervical spinal injury
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What medical conditions can cause psychogenic shock?
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- Fainting
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What medical conditions can cause septic shock?
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- Severe bacterial infection
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A bulky dressing held in position with a tightly wrapped bandage to apply pressure to help control bleeding.
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pressure dressing
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What are the three major types of shock?
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1. Compensated shock
2. Decompensated shock 3. Irreversible shock |
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What are the patient care steps for external bleeding control.
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1. Apply BSI
2. Maintain an open airway 3. Monitor respirations and ventilate as needed 4. Assess circulation 5. Controlled external bleeding |
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Name the 8 types of shock.
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1. Anaphylactic
2. Cardiogenic 3. Hemmorrhagic 4. Hypovolemic (most common) 5. Metabolic 6. Neurogenic 7. Psychogenic (Fainting) 8. Septic |
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What are the causes of anaphylactic shock?
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- Allergic reaction
- Hypotension |
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What are the signs/symptoms of anaphylactic shock?
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1. Rapid onset
2. Mild itching 3. Burning skin 4. Airway edema with hypotension 5. Profound coma 6. Rapid death |
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What is the treatment for anaphylactic shock?
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1. Manage airway and administer oxygen
2. Assisted ventilations 3. Determine cause 4. Assist with administration of epinephrine |
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What are the causes of cardiogenic shock?
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1. Inadequate heart function
2. Disease of muscle tissue 3. Impaired electrical conduction system 4. Acute Mycardial Infarction (AMI) |
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What are the signs/symptoms of cardiogenic shock?
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1. Chest pains
2. Irregular pulse 3. Weak pulse 4. Low blood pressure 5. Cyanosis (lips, under nails) 6. Anxiety |
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What is the treatment for cardiogenic shock?
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1. Position of comfort
2. Administer oxygen 3. Assisted ventilations 4. Transport promptly |
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What are the causes of hypovolemic shock?
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Loss of blood or body fluids
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What are the signs/symptoms of hypovolemic shock?
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1. Rapid, weak pulse
2. Low blood pressure 3. Altered mental status 4. Cyanosis (lips, under nails) 5. Cool, clammy skin |
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What causes metabolic shock?
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Excessive loss of fluid and electrolytes due to vomiting, urination, or diarrhea
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What are the steps for treating metabolic shock?
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1. Secure airway
2. Assist ventilations 3. Determine illness 4. Transport promptly |
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What are the main components of the circulatory system?
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1. The heart
2. The blood vessels 3. Blood |
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What is the function of the circulatory system?
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To distributes blood to all body parts
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What are the 3 major types of blood vessels and their functions?
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1. Arteries – carries oxygen rich blood away from the heart
2. Capillaries – an exchange occurs to remove oxygen from blood and to push waste from cells 3. Veins – carries carbon dioxide to the lungs and waste to appropriate organs for excretion |
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What conditions can cause the circulatory system to fail?
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1. Heart failure
2. Blood vessels damage 3. Low blood volume |
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What are the functions of blood?
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1. Transportation of gases
2. Nutrition 3. Excretion 4. Protection 5. Regulation |
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What gases are transported by blood and to where in the body?
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Oxygen to cells
Carbon dioxide to lungs |
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What is the flow of nutrients in blood?
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Blood circulates nutrients from the intestines or storage tissues (fat, liver, and muscle) to other body cells
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How is the body cleansed?
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Blood carries waste products from the cells to organs, such as kidneys, that excrete (eliminate) them from the body
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How does blood protect the body?
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Blood carries antibodies and white blood cells, which helps fight disease and infections
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What does blood regulate?
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1, Blood carries substances that regulate the functions of the body, such as hormones, water, salt, enzymes, and chemicals.
2. Blood regulates body temperature by carrying body heat to the lungs and skin surface where it is dissipated |
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Your patient was working on scaffolding that collapsed causing him to fall one story (about 10 feet). He is conscious, is alert but anxious, and complains of pain to the right side of his chest. His pulse is 102 and regular, respirations 26, skin cool and moist, pupils equal and reactive to light. Is this patient in shock or is he stable?
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This patient has the potential for internal bleeding. Vitals are elevated. Suspect internal bleeding and treat as shock. Upgrade to ALS.
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Your patient is found sitting in a bathroom stall at an upscale restaurant. He is pale, sweaty, and leaning against the wall. He tells you he has had a problem with bleeding hemorrhoids recently. There is bright red blood in the toliet bowl. When you stand the patient up to move him to the stretcher, he feels like he is going to pass out. Is this patient in shock or is he stable?
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The patient is in the late stages of shock.
Orthostatic hypotension is a fall in blood pressure associated with an upright position, usually occurring as a result of standing still for a long time or rising from a prolonged stay in bed and often causing faintness, dizziness, and vision disturbances. A decrease in blood pressure is a late sign! Move to transport now! |
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You are called to an assault. A 26 yo man was struck in the head by his girlfriend. She used a telephone to strike him once in the nose and again in the forehead. The police called you to evaluate a nosebleed. The patient 's shirt has blood streaked down it. His nose is oozig blood now. He is alert and orientated. His pulse is 78 strong and regular, respirations 24, skin warm and dry. Is the patient in shock or stable?
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Patient stable enough for treatment and then load and go. No shock, not enough blood lost.
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How is hypovolemic shock treated?
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1. Suction
2. Secure airway 3. Assist ventilations 4. Control external bleeding 5. Apply PASG (if approved) 6. Elevate legs 7. Transport promptly |
