Black Experience

Front 1

the first modern humans were born here.
the climate varies
sahara desert
55 different countries

Back 1

Africa

Front 2

time where human creativity blossomed.
this time is where humans really began shaping the world around them.
hint: later part of the old stone age

Back 2

Upper Paleolithic

Front 3

poor soil, productivity of rainfall were _____ in african climate

Back 3

challenges

Front 4

poor soil, is old soil and that was ______
Volcanic Highlands provided ______

Back 4

less abundant

cooler richer soils

Front 5

Rainfall in Africa is
hint: comes and goes.

Back 5

Cyclical

Front 6

Boundary between dry air over desert and wet air from sea.
Hint: known as the "Rain Belt" as well

Back 6

Intertropical Convergence Zone

Front 7

The farther north the Inter-tropical Convergence is the ____ rainfall occurs

Back 7

less

Front 8

Disease
-found world wide.
-caused from mosquitos
-nervous system side effects
-can be fatal
-kills african children more than any other disease

Back 8

Malaria

Front 9

disease.
-Outsiders can die from it, but a lot of natives to Africa are immune from it.
-there is an effective vaccine for this disease

Back 9

Yellow Fever

Front 10

Both Malaria and yellow fever are believed to be caused by____

Back 10

Human Agriculture

Front 11

Archeology and Genetic Analysis are___

Back 11

ways to study people from hundred of thousands of years ago

Front 12

Period of time: 50000 years ago
- humans started to act modern.
- people may have looked like us, but behaved differently

Back 12

Upper Paleolithic Period

Front 13

Africa is ___ of the worlds land mass

Back 13

1/5th

Front 14

Africa is __ thousand by __ thousand miles long

Back 14

5, 7

Front 15

how many square miles is africa?

Back 15

11.5 million

Front 16

africa contains how many people?

Back 16

9 hundred million

Front 17

60% of people in africa live in____

Back 17

West Africa

Front 18

The Biblical Creation Theory
Spontaneous Generation Theory
Anthropological findings
they are_____

Back 18

The origins of The Human Kind

Front 19

Theory:
-very limited and so many unanswered questions.
-it contains the jews, muslims, and christians
-all religions are very selfish, because they think their way is right.
-basis is having faith and believing

Back 19

Biblical Theory

Front 20

Theory:
Charles Darwin was the father of biology... and came up with the Natural Selection Theory
-life as we know it started from an aquatic state starting from single cell protozoa -> amphibian ->land living creatures -> primates->Homo (humans)

Back 20

Spontaneous generation theory

Front 21

Humans are known as

Back 21

Homo sapiens

Front 22

meaning to eliminate.
Strongest species lived, survival of the fittest.
(homo sapiens were superior)

Back 22

Obfuscate

Front 23

the study of man in a genetic sense.
studying through skeleton structures

Back 23

Anthropology

Front 24

Scientists used ____ to tell the age of the bone.

Back 24

Carbon 14

Front 25

Fist bones found was the bones of the _____ which was 100,000 years old

Back 25

Neanderthal

Front 26

Born in Kenya, and went through cambridge university.
found many things.
they both became anthropologists.
Started digging in "Olduvais Gorge". They found "homohabilis"

Back 26

Dr. & Mrs. Leaky

Front 27

the Homohabilis once tested was found that it was over _____ years old.

Back 27

2 million

Front 28

He found "Lucy" determined to be 2.5 millions years old. Making it the oldest fossil

Back 28

Carl Johanson

Front 29

son of Dr. Leaky
found 12 human remains that were 3 million years old.
these were named "the first community"

Back 29

Chris leaky

Front 30

In 2009 he found an Ethiopian called "ARDI RAMTPITHEOUS" now remains the oldest found fossil

Back 30

Dr. Lovejoy

Front 31

Neolithic Civilizations in Africa

Back 31

Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic

Front 32

human kind was mostly primitive, but the most sophisticated of their time.
Lived in a nomadic society (movement to region to region)

Back 32

Paleolithic Era

Front 33

Particular Era:
Humans started seeing changes.
Less and less nomadic lifestyle.
More and more sophistication.

Back 33

Mesolithic Era

Front 34

less food gathering type people, but more food producing type people.
Tools increasingly became more useful
Urbanization started playing a role.
Formation of Empires

Back 34

Neolithic Era's

Front 35

Western Sudan, and Egypt were what type of civilizations?

Back 35

Neolithic Civilizations

Front 36

1. Egypt was strategically and centrally located. (Nile River)
2. One of the worlds largest Oasis'
3. Egyptians were blacks originally from Nubia, Kush, and Axum
4. Egyptians were very good with metal, established Empire

Back 36

Advantages of Egypt

Front 37

Nubia is modern day ___

Back 37

Sudan

Front 38

Kushonites, and Axumites are modern day ___

Back 38

Ethiopians of today

Front 39

Three development phases of Egypt were...

Back 39

Pre-Settlement Phase
Settlement Phase
Dynastic Phase (most important)

Front 40

1. period of the old kingdom
2. 1st intermediate period
3. Period of the middle kingdom
4. 2nd intermediate period
5. Period of the new kingdom
6. Decline and eventual collapse

Back 40

Dynastic Phase's of Egypt

Front 41

(2700-2200 BC)
Pharonic tradition was established.
Pyramids were built.
Developed the beginning of Mathematics and Arabic Numerals

Back 41

Period of Old Kingdom

Front 42

half man half god. he was the mouth piece of Osiris

Back 42

Pharaoh

Front 43

God of the Nile River

Back 43

Osiris

Front 44

it was established to have a sense of law and order, spiritual, and decorum.

Back 44

Pharaonic Tradition

Front 45

(2200-2050) Egypt
chaos and confusion, but the Pharaonic Tradition survived.
Civil Insurrection.
There was a recovery period

Back 45

1st Intermediate Period

Front 46

Fighting within a country.. Fighting against your brother.

Back 46

Civil Insurrection

Front 47

(2050-1800 BC)
Everything was going much better.
Jews moved into Egypt uninvited, but the economy was booming.

Back 47

Period of Middle Kingdom

Front 48

(1800-1570)
Civil Insurrection once again.
Hyskos from Mesopotamia eventually moved in and defeated Egyptians. Then Egyptians came back and defeated the Hyskos

Back 48

2nd Intermediate Period

Front 49

(1570-1090)
this is when Egypt became an Empire.
Historians called it Pax Egyptiana
They conquered kush, axum and nubia.
Best the economy has ever been

Back 49

The New Kingdom of Egypt

Front 50

this means... Peace among the egyptian people

Back 50

Pax Egyptiana

Front 51

(1090-332)
Egypt was declining as the mesopotamians were increasing.
Eventually was conquered by them (alexander the great)

Back 51

The decline and eventual collapse of egypt

Front 52

Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were located in the:

Back 52

Western Sudanic Region

Front 53

out of Mali, Ghana, and Songhai.. which one was not a islamic state

Back 53

Ghana

Front 54

Taghaza, and Taodeni were conquered.. What were they?

Back 54

Salt Mines

Front 55

Wangara, Walata, and Bambuk were known as...

Back 55

Gold mines

Front 56

The Ghana ethnic groups were named the..

Back 56

Soninkes

Front 57

The Mali tribes were known as...

Back 57

Madinkas

Front 58

Da, Gow, and Sorko were apart of which country (Mali, Songhai, or Ghana)

Back 58

Songhai

Front 59

In Songhai the farmers were known as

Back 59

Da

Front 60

In Songhai the hunters were known as the

Back 60

Gow

Front 61

In Songhai the fishermen were known as the

Back 61

Sorko

Front 62

The largest Empire during the period of (Ghana, Mali, and Songhai) was which country?

Back 62

Songhai

Front 63

THis lasted from 5th century AD to 11th century AD.
Developed Iron Technology.
Hard working people.
Strategically located by the Nile River.
After 8th Century they became an Empire

Back 63

Ghana

Front 64

Humbi Saleh, and Gungia were two important cities in what country

Back 64

Ghana

Front 65

The city of Humbi Saleh was the (what) of Ghana.

Back 65

Trading place, Economic Center

Front 66

Ghana was conquered.
Their people revolted because they weren't treated well.
Lacked political Leadership.
The three tribes were Tucolor, Awdaghast, Almoravids

Back 66

Battle of Fegaise

Front 67

Between 1076 and 1200
There was fighting for dominant ethnic position
Susus vs. Madinkas
Madinkas one and Sundiatta became leader and the state of Mali was born.
Beginning of Madinka Empire

Back 67

Transformation of Ghana to Mali

Front 68

Tribe
The ruler of the tribe was name Sumanguru

Back 68

Susus

Front 69

Tribe:
Ruler name was Sundiatta

Back 69

Madinkas

Front 70

He was very loved.
Considered the father of Mali
Ruler from 1230 AD to 1255 AD

Back 70

Sundiatta

Front 71

His son ______ then took over and he was corrupt, lazy, and spent money on wine and women.
reign was from 1270-1312
people did not like that.
lead in to the period of political confusion

Back 71

Mansa Uli

Front 72

"Mansa" means

Back 72

Achieve

Front 73

How many periods of political confusion were there during the Mali Empire

Back 73

Three

Front 74

This period of confusion took place from 1270-1285

Back 74

1st period of confusion

Front 75

The most important period. (Mali)
This is when the Slave Sakura Incident Occurred
From 1285-1300

Back 75

2nd period of confusion

Front 76

Happened from 1300-1312

Back 76

3rd period of confusion

Front 77

1337-1400 in mali was

Back 77

The period of Decline

Front 78

He built Timbuktu.
Was a ruler of Mali. (1337-1400)
Very bad with money
But he tried to restore law and order to Mali.
1324 he made a pilgrimage to mecca. but eventually ran out of gold.
Established diplomatic Relations with many nations (southern europe, northern african, western asia)
Brought back distinguished scholars to Mali

Back 78

Mansa Khankanmusa

Front 79

Islamic Scholars were known as...

Back 79

ULAMA

Front 80

Timbuktu was known as the city of

Back 80

"Minds"

Front 81

The city of Jeanne was known as the city of..

Back 81

Mussels, and power.

Front 82

Mali failed as an empire because

Back 82

They spent too much money. went bankrupt

Front 83

From 1400-1464 Bloodshed in Mali lead to..

Back 83

The country of Songhai

Front 84

He was in power first (1464-1492)
He was muslim
Da, Gow, Sorko were put together by him
drove fear into people
>>He was racist, temperamental, infidel<<
Took Religion Lightly
Captured the gold and salt mines.
People celebrated his passing (died of natural causes)
[Songhai]

Back 84

Sumni Ali

Front 85

Son of Sumni Ali
King for three months, was assassinated by Mohammed Aboubakar

Back 85

Sunni Barro

Front 86

Chief of staff under Sumni Ali, and murdered his son Sunni because he didn't like his father, and killed Sunni for the sins of Sumni. (made him popular)
became king and crowned himself_______
King from 1492-1528
Very good king, he made a pilgrimage to Mecca.

Back 86

Mohammed Aboubakar = Askia Mohammed I

Front 87

Askia Mohammed was killed by his son ________ because he was getting impatient for gaining power. Wanted to be king badly.
Killed by his brothers because he killed their father.
Decline of Songhai started

Back 87

Askia Mohammed II

Front 88

How many Kings were in power during the Songhai State?

Back 88

28

Front 89

How many kings died of natural causes during the songhai empire out of the 28?

Back 89

One

Front 90

Moors captured Songhai
5000, against 50000 troops
occurred in 1591

Back 90

Battle of Tondibi

Front 91

Sonhai troops weren't organized because they were mainly conquered people.
Moors had better technology like guns

Back 91

Reasons why Songhai lost the Battle of Tondibi

Front 92

The effects of The Battle of Tondibi were... (why was it so important/crucial)

Back 92

Marked end of era, and beginning of new one.
Introduced guns to Africa (from Europeans)
Led strangers to enter africa

Front 93

Myths of the Transatlantic Slave Trade included:

Back 93

The amount of people moved into africa. (100 million/10 million) it was really 30 million.

Europeans supposedly brought slavery into africa (they didn't it was already there)

Front 94

How many slaves were owned by other Africans?

Back 94

70%

Front 95

How many slaves were captured by Europeans

Back 95

30%

Front 96

Government of older people, mainly males.

Back 96

Gerontocracy

Front 97

Two forms of Polygamy

Back 97

Polygyny and polyandry

Front 98

When a woman is married to more than one husband

Back 98

Polyandry (not practiced in Africa)

Front 99

When a man is married to more than one woman

Back 99

Polygyny

Front 100

- “Stateless” society in which power is diffused and shared. Ruled by elders, members of an age-set or council chosen from different lineages; it doesn’t have to be a powerful political figure

Back 100

Segmental Systems

Front 101

- Was a highly centralized political system presided over by a very powerful king and served by an efficient bureaucracy or military machine
- The king, paramount chief, or military commander had subordinates who exercised whatever power they have entirely at the discretion of the person at the top.

Back 101

Hierarchical Systems

Front 102

-Consists of different levels of segmental grouping that are not entirely autonomous.
- Based on kinship and each one had a chief, a paramount chief, or a king. The chiefs of high levels have the right to intervene in the affairs of the lower levels, if necessary

Back 102

Pyramidal Systems

Front 103

80-90 % of slaves came from what part of africa

Back 103

Western Africa

Front 104

10-20% of slaves came from what part of africa?

Back 104

South Africa

Front 105

During the Renaissance two events happened that brought about ignorance in Europe, that ultimately lead to the Transatlantic Slave trade... what were they?

Back 105

European Expansion/Discoveries
&
Protestant Reformation (breaking off from catholics)

Front 106

Causes for the Transatlantic slave trade include:

Back 106

Europe discovered ignorance, and when they went west they needed hard labor (so they used slaves)

Wanted to explore and they were told by Gil Eanes that africa was safe so that made people want to go down there and capture slaves. (not a giant abyss)

Front 107

1419 he established the academy of sagres; the navel academy in portugal.

Back 107

Henry the Navigator

Front 108

He Crossed Cape Bojador.

told everyone that he found "greens" and didn't fall in to an abyss.
Very big deal (like the first man on the moon)
1431

Back 108

Gil Eanes

Front 109

He went to senegal/gambia region and saw black africans, and he was shocked so he kidnapped 12 and brought them to show them off to Portugal.
(marked the beginning of slavery)

Back 109

Pedro Antonio De Goncalves

Front 110

He suggested that portugal explore west to find india. (turned down)
So he then went to spain and told them, and they ultimately decided to go on a expedition

Back 110

Christopher Columbus

Front 111

He was sent to the congo... But he went off course and found Brazil. (thats why Brazil is Portuguese)

Back 111

Pedro De Cabral

Front 112

Spanish Priest

Suggested to spain to capture these "strong" africans to work on plantations (it was an experiment at first)

Back 112

Bartholomew Las Casas

Front 113

An agreement between spain an portugal. Portugal gave spain slaves.

Back 113

Assiento

Front 114

A relationship is one that binds two individuals, either through birth or marriage

Back 114

Kinship

Front 115

Blood relationships are known as

Back 115

Consanguine Relationships

Front 116

Relationships based on marriage

Back 116

affilial Relationships