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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an infinitive?
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An infinitive is a verbal noun. Verbal forms that are not limited by person and number (finite) are called infinitives. An infinitive is an indeclinable verbal noun whose meaning is not limited by person and number.
"To loose" expresses the infinitive. |
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Show examples of how an infinitive can be used as a noun.
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"To die is gain." "I am ashamed to beg." Sometimes the 'ing' suffix is used in English instead of 'to'. "Dying is gain." "I am ashamed of begging."
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What is the significance of tense in the infinitive?
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Aspect.
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What are the three most frequent tenses in the infinitive in the NT? How are they used.
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Aorist - it is the least marked form and is used to express aorisitic (undefined) action.
Present - it is used to express imperfective (ongoing or progressive) action. Perfective - it is used to express perfective (the existing results of or the continuing of a state) action. |
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List the paradigm for the active infinitive of λύω.
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Present: λύειν "to be loosing"
Aorist: λῦσαι "to loose" Perfect: λελυκέναι "to have loosed" |
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List the paradigm for the middle infinitive of λύω.
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Present: λύεσθαι "to be loosing oneself"
Aorist: λύσασθαι "to loose oneself" Perfect: λελύσθαι "to have loosed oneself" |
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List the paradigm for the passive infinitive of λύω.
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Present: λύεσθαι "to be being loosed"
Aorist: λυθῆναι "to be loosed" Perfect: λελύσθαι "to have been loosed" |
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What are the basic suffixes of the infintive?
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-ειν in the present active
-αι in the aorist active -ναι in the perfect active and aorist passive -σθαι elsewhere |
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In infinitives the σ of the 1st aorist often does what?
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It amalgamates with a preceding consonant. For example πέμπω as an aorist active infinitive is πέμψσαι.
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Do 2nd aorists also have 2nd aorist infinitives?
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Yes.These infinitives are formed by adding the suffix -ειν (the present suffix) to the unaugmented 2nd aorist stem.
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How are 2nd aorist middle infinitives formed?
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By adding the connecting vowel ε and the suffix -σθαι to the unaugmented 2nd aorist stem. βάλλω, 2nd aorist act. inf. = βαλεῖν; 2nd aorist mid. inf. = βαλέσθαι.
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How are 2nd aorist passives formed?
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By adding the suffix -ναι to the unaugmented 2nd aorist passive stem. γράφω, 2nd aorist pass. ind. ἐγράφην, 2nd aorist pass. inf. γραφῆναι.
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What happens in present active contract verbs?
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The suffix -εν is used instead of -ειν.
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Are verbs deponent in the aorist indicative also deponent in the aorist infinitive?
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Yes.
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What is the present infinitve of εἰμί ?
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εἶναι
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How do you parse the infinitive?
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Tense, voice, and source along with infinitive in the mood slot. λύειν is parsed "present active infinitive, from λύω.
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What are the two major functional categories of infinitives?
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Adverbial and substantival.
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Note the following features of the infinitive:
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1. w or w/o article (neut. sing. only) 2. may be used w/ prep (δια, εἰς, ἐν, μετά, πρό, πρός. 3. Often has a subject in the acc. (acc. of general reference) 4. anarthrous inf. may occur w/ impersonal vbs such as δεῖ or ἐξεστι(ν). 5. negated by μή.
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What are the 5 most frequent adverbial uses of the infinitive?
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1. The infinitive of purpose. 2. The infinitive of result. 3. The infinitive of time. 4. The infinitive of cause. 5. The infinitive of command.
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The infinitve of purpose.
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Here the infinitive indicates the purpose of the action expressed by the main verb (with the intent to). Expressed by (a) the infinitive alone, (b) the infinitive with τοῦ, (c) the infinitive with εἰς τό or πρός τό.
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The infinitive of result.
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Here the infinitive is introduced by ὥστε and is used to express the result of the action of the main verb (so that).
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The infinitive of time.
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Antecedent time, expressed by τρίν or τρίν ἤ or πρό τοῦ and the infinitive(before); contemporaneous time, expressed by ἐν τῷ and the infinitive(while); and subsequent time expressed by μετὰ τό and the infinitive (after).
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The infinitive of cause.
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Here διὰ τό is regularly used with the infinitive to express the idea of cause (because).
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The infinitive of command.
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On rare occasions, the infinitive may be used to express a command. "Rejoice [χαίρειν] with those who rejoice..."
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The substantival use of the infinitive.
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Here the noun aspect of the infinitive is primary. Used either as (1) subject: "To live [τό ζῆν] is Christ..." (2) object: "God is the one who is working in you both to will [τὸ θέλειν] and to work [τὸ ἐνεργεῖν]... (3) modifier: to modify or to complete the sense of the nouns, adj., or verbs. "The time has come for the dead to be judged [κριθῆναι]."
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What is the accusative of general reference?
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The use of the accusative as the 'subject' of the infinitive.
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