Black Codes To 10% Plan

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Black Codes

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Passed by state legislatures in 1865-1866; granted former slaves right to marry, sue, testify in court, and hold property but with significant qualifications

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Border States

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Slave States- Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri - that remained loyal to the Union; seccession would've strengthened the South

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Carpetbaggers

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Derogatary term for North Republicans who were involved in Southern Politics during Radical Reconstruction

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Compromise of 1877

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Hayes and other Republicans agreed that US troops would be withdrawn from South, agreed to appoint a Southerner to the Cabinet, and pledged federal projects to the South in return for an end to Democratic Opposition to offical counting of the electoral votes for the disputed election of 1876

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Copperheads

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Northern Democrats, also known as Peace Democrats, who opposed Lincoln's war policies and were concerned with the growth of presidential power. In the election of 1864, Gen. George McClellan was nominated by the Democrats w/ their support

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Draft Riots

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Mob violence opposing conscription laws during the Civil War; the most violent occurred in NYC in july 1863

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Ex Parte Milligan (1866)

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Supreme Court Decision involving presidential war powers; civilians could not be tried in military courts in wartime when the fed. courts were functioning

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Freedmen's Bureau

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Agency created by Congress as the war ended to assist Civil War refugees and freed former slaves

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Ironclads

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Wooden ships with metal armor that were employed by both sides during the Civil War

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Presidential Reconstruction

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Put forward by Andrew Jackson, it included repeal of ordinances of secession, repudiation of Confederate debts, and ratification of the 13th Amendments

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Radical Reconstruction

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Provided for dividing states into military districts with military commanders to oversee voter registration that included adult African-American males for state conventions; state conventions to draft constitutions that provided for suffrage for black men; state legislatures to ratify the 14th amendment

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Scalawags

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Term used to describe the Southern white republicans who had opposed secession

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Sharecropping

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Common form of farming for freed slaves in the South; recieved a small plot of land, seed, fertilizer, tools from the landlord who decided what and how much should be planted; landlord usually took half of the harvest

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10 Percent Plan

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Lincoln's Proclamantion of Amnesty and Reconstruction (December 1863) provided that new state gov. could be established in the South when 10% of the qualified voters in 1860 took an oath of loyalty