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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hematopoiesis
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formation of mature, functional RBCs, WBCs, platelets in peripheral blood and ultimately functional cells of lymphoid organs and reticuloendothelial system.
in adult - only in bone marrow |
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erythrocye life span
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120 days in peripheral circulation
2.5 X 10^9 erythrocytes per kg body weight produced per day |
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platelet life span
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7-10 days in peripheral circulation
2.5 X 10^9 platelets per kg body weight produced per day |
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neutrophils
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7 hours half-life in peripheral circulatoin
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prenatal hematopoiesis
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in yolk sac
primitive blood cells (red cells) finishes by 3rd month gestation |
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where does hematopoiesis occur
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yolk sac (3 months gestation)
live/spleen (2-7 month) bone marrow (at birth) |
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hematopoiesis outside of the bone marrow after birth is called
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extrmedullary hematopoiesisand is abnormal.
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myeloid
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pertaining to bone marrow
non-lymphoid, marrow derived blood cells |
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lymphoid cells
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t- cells, b-cells, NK cells
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CFU
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colony forming unit
functional term derived from expts e.g. CFU-E gave rise to colonies of cells with erythroid features |
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differentiation
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hematopoietic cell progressing from STEM CELL to FUNCTIONAL CELL
undergoes genetic changes --> commit cell to lineage (erythroid, granulocytic, lymphoid) |
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maturation
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accumulation of protein products
refinement of cellular strucutre dictated by pattern of gene expression in a cell committed to a particular lineage |
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self-renewal
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dividing stem cell can either commit to a differentiation OR SELF RENEW
self renewal = production of daughter cells ..identical to original cell |
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CFU-LM
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multipotential SC
gives rise to lymphoid AND myeloid elements CFU-LM can self renew or commit to becoming pluripotent SC |
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CFU-GEMM
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GEMM = granulocyte/erythoid/monocyte/megakaryocyte
pluripotent SC can self renew or commit to becoming progenitor cell |
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progenitor cells
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commited SC
limited self-renewal give rise to precursor cells e.g. CFU-GM, CFU-M, CFU-E |
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CFU-GM, CFU-M and CFU-E are examples of
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progenitor cells
irreversibly commited to lineage |
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Precursor cells
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cannot self renew
give rise to amture, functional cells in peripheral blood, lymphoid organs, and reticuloendothelial system |
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what percentage of nucleated cell sin bone marrow are SC or progenitor cells
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1%
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bone marrow vasculature
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nutrient arteries course into bone marrow --> cap-venous sinuses --> central vein --> systemic circulation
passage of blood cells through the capillary-venous sinus endothelial layer i selective. |
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HIM
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hematopoietic inductive environment
made up of stromal elements include endothelial cells of the capillary-venous sinuses reticular cells lining the adventitial surface of the capillary-venous sinuses fibroblases lymphocytes macrophages adipocytes ECM produced by stromal cells (collagen, laminin, fibronectin, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, heparin sulfate) |
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hematopoitetic growth factors (glycoproteins or solony-stimulating factors CSF)
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erythropoietin (Epo)
IL-3 (multi-CSF) granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) |
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GM-CSF and IL-3
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multilineage growth factors
act on many hematopoietic cells, including SC the other hematopoietic growth factos act on committed porgenitor cells |
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HGF (hemato growth factors)
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regulate proliferation and diff/mat of stem, progenitor and precursor cells
produced by T and B cells, macrophages, fibroblasts and endothelial cells acts on specific cell surface receptors |
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granulocyte maturation
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myeloblast-->promyelocyte --> myelocyte --> metamyelocyte --> neutrophil
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in granulocyte maturation, when is the ability to replicate lost
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at the metamyelocyte stage
myeloblast-->promyelocyte --> myelocyte --> metamyelocyte --> neutrophil |
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erythrocyte maturation
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pronormoblast --> basophilic --> normoblast --> polychromatophilic normoblast --> orthochromatic normoblast --> reticulocyte --> erythrocyte
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in erythrocyte maturation, when is the ability to replicate lost
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at the orthochromatic normoblast stage
pronormoblast --> basophilic --> normoblast --> polychromatophilic normoblast --> orthochromatic normoblast --> reticulocyte --> erythrocyte |
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megakaryocyte maturation and platelet production
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megakaryoblast --> promegakaryocyte --> megakaryocyte --> platelet
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monocyte/macrphage maturtaoin
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monoblast --> promonocyte --> monocyte
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myeloblast
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high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio
fine nuclear chromatin blue stained cytoplasm NO cytoplasmic granules |
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promyelocyte
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more condensed chromatin.
nucleoli present *variable number of large, red (primary) granules tha tarise from golgi |
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myelocyte
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secondary granules near golgi
less primary granules in myelocyte. last neutrophilic precursor that is capable of dividing |
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metamyelocyte
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more secondary granules (pink/purple cytoplasm)
indented nucleus |
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band
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horseshoe shaped nucleus.
evenl;y dispersed clumps of chromatin secondary granules |
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segmented neutrophil
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same size and cytoplasmic properties as the band
nucleus is segmented into 2-5 distinct lobes (usually 3 lobes), connected by thin chromatin strands |
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eosinophils
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cytoplasm has bunch of orange-red granules
segmented round/oval lobes of nucleus |
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basophils
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lobular / non-segmented nucleus
blue - purple (basophilic) granules |
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cellularity
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portion of marrow that is hematopoietically active
cellularity of bone marrow decreases with age. after 50 yo, 100-age |
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maturation of bone marrow
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heterogeneous appearance b/c of the different erythroid, megakaryocyte and granulocytic precursors at different stages of maturation
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prussian blue stain
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to assess iron stores
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