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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two main clinical features of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?
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1. bone marrow failure
2. organ infiltration |
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What does bone marrow failure result in?
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1. anemia: pallor, lethargy
2. neutropenia: fever, malaise, infections 3. thrombocytopenia: bruises, bleeding |
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What does organ filtration result in?
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tender bones
lymphadenopathy hepato/splenomegaly meningeal syndrome (headache, nausea, blurred vision) |
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What are clinical features of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?
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similar to ALL
mostly anemia, thrombocytopenia |
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What is characteristic of M3 variant of AML?
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disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
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What is characteristic of the M4/M5 variants of AML?
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gum hypertrophy
skin involvement CNS disease |
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What are clinical features of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?
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1. hypermetabolism
2. splenomegaly 3. anemia 4. abnormal platelet function 5. gout/renal impairement |
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How does hypermetabolism present?
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weight loss, lassitude, anorexia, night sweats
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How can anemia present?
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pallor, dyspnea, tachycardia
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How can abnormal platelet function present?
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bruising, epistaxis, menorrhagia, hemorrhage
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Why would gout or renal impairement be a feature of CML?
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excessive purine breakdown causing hyperuricemia
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What are symptoms of myelodysplasia?
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anemia
infections easy bruising/bleeding |
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What are some clinical features of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?
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1. symmetric enlargement of cervical, axillary or inguinal nodes
2. anemia (thrombocytopenia) 3. splenomegaly (later stages) 4. immunosuppression |
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What are some clinical features of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
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1. painless, asymmetrical, firm superficial lymph nodes
2. splenomegaly (50%) 3. mediastinal enlargement 4. constitutional symptoms |
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What are constitutional symptoms?
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fever
pruritis (itching) weight loss weakness fatigue anorexia |
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What are some clinical features of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
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1. superficial (asymmetrical) lymphadenopathy
2. constitutional symptoms 3. oropharyngeal involvement 4. anemia 5. hepato/splenomegaly 6. other organ involvement |
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A patient presents with asymmetric matted lymph nodes. Is it more likely to be leukemia or lymphoma?
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Lymphoma
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A patient presents with asymmetric lymph nodes, constitutional symptoms, splenomegaly and a sore throat. Is it more likely Hodgkin's or non-Hodkin's?
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non-Hodgkin's sometimes presents with oropharyngeal symptoms
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You have determined that there is bone marrow failure (anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia) and organ infiltration (sore bones) in a 4 year old girl. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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ALL
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A 60 year old patient presents with sudden severe anemia, thrombocytopenia and enlarged bleeding gums. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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AML
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In which hematologic malignancy is hypermetabolism a major feature?
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CML
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