• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/28

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

28 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what is Induction:
Given to induce a remission. Commonly used in the treatment of acute leukemias
what is Adjuvant
Used after initial surgical or radiation therapy to minimize recurrence
what is Neoadjuvant
Given prior to surgery or radiation to reduce tumor burden
what is Salvage
Used after recurrence of refractory tumor following chemo
what is Chemosensitive
Given concurrently with radiation to increase radiosensitivity
what is Palliative
Given specifically to address symptom management without expecting to significantly reduce the cancer
to 'cure' cancer what do you need?
need 100% cell kill
Can’t rely on host immunological defense to kill remaining cancer cells
what is meant by Clinically complete remission
tumor size decreased to a size no longer detectable clinically
antimicrobial vs anticancer drugs:

selective toxicity
Antimicrobial: high selective tox (won't hurt human cells)

Anticancer: limited selective tox (hits human cells)
what is one of the major targets of cancer (a process)
Mitotic activity

to stop cell division
Rapidly dividing cells are most vulnerable to chemotherapy...what normal tissues are most likely to be affected by these drugs (3)
Bone marrow
GI tract (NVD)
Hair follicles
a major tumor determinant is...(something that will affect the responsiveness to cancer chemo)
Growth fraction; tumor mass doubling time
what is the relationship between tumor growth fraction and drug susceptibility?
larger growth fraction --> increased drug susceptibility
what is the relationship between tumor mass doubling time and drug susceptibility?
faster doubling time --> increased drug susceptibility
one complication to effective tx is the fact that the tumor cells are of a _____ population
heterogeneous population
KNOW: Tumor Cell population is continuously changing
Number of dividing vs resting cells change
Biochemical/biological character change
Number of cells than can metastasize change
KNOW SLIDE:

Solid Tumors
Most tumors do not grow “rapidly” like leukemias and lymphomas
Growth rate decreases as neoplasm size increase
Tumor outgrows ability to maintain blood supply
Not all cells proliferate continuously
Compartments
Dividing cells vs non-dividing cells (Varies. Dividing cells may be ~5% tumor volume)
Dividing cells are the primary population susceptible to most anticancer drugs
What is the log kill hypothesis?
Each dose kills a certain fraction (not number) of cells

The fraction killed is dose-dependent
Chemotherapy is limited by the drug toxicity (dose-limiting toxicities)

Repeated doses are needed and cell kill follows first order kinetics
starting with 1x10^12, go over log kill tx
what does increased tumor size do to drug susceptibility?
decreases it

Larger tumors are harder to kill
more difficult for drugs to penetrate
poor vascularization
many cells not proliferating
less sensitive to drug therapy
more metastasis occurring
more therapy (time) required, more toxicity
a clinically detectable tumor is what size?

lethal?
clinical: 1x10^9

lethal: 1x10^12
describe CCS (cell-cycle specific) cancer drugs
Cells must be mitotically active for drug to produce its effects
Drug target is only available at a particular phase of the cell cycle
describe CCNS (cell-cycle non-specific) cancer drgus
Drug effect may be enhanced but not dependent on mitotic activity

if it can see the DNA it will modify it
what is responsible for removing water soluble products from cells (and can act as an efflux pump)
P-glycoprotein
Efflux pumps are a problem for what type of cancer drugs?
Natural product drugs
in general, what kind of therapy should you use for cancer tx? what 3 things does this method aid in?
COMBINATION

Maximizes cell kill by using different attack mechanisms
Decreases resistance development
Decreases doses and toxicities
doxorubicin has what unique adverse affect?
Cardiotoxicity
bleomycin has what unique adverse affect?
Pulmonary fibrosis