Bl Test 1.1

Front 1

Administrative law

Back 1

Concerns all agencies, boards, commissions, and other entities created by a federal or state legislature and charged with investigating, regulating, and adjudicating a particular industry or issue.

Front 2

Amendment

Back 2

Any addition to a legal document. The constitutional amendments, the first ten of which are known collectively as the Bill of Rights, secure numerous liberties and protections directly for the people.

Front 3

Chancery, court of

Back 3

In medieval England, the court originally operated by the Chancellor.

Front 4

Civil law

Back 4

The large body of law concerning the rights and duties between parties. It is distinguished from criminal law, which concerns behavior outlawed by a government.

Front 5

Common law

Back 5

Judge-made law, that is, the body of all decisions made by appellate courts over the years.

Front 6

Constitution

Back 6

The supreme law of a political entity. The United States Constitution is the highest law in the country.

Front 7

Criminal law

Back 7

Rules that permit a government to punish certain behavior by fine or imprisonment.

Front 8

Equity

Back 8

The broad powers of a court to fashion a remedy where justice demands it and no common law remedy exists. An injunction is an example of an equitable remedy.

Front 9

Executive order

Back 9

An order by a president or governor, having the full force of law.

Front 10

Federalism

Back 10

A form of national government in which power is shared between one central authority and numerous local authorit.

Front 11

Founding Fathers

Back 11

The authors of the United States Constitution, who participated in the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787.

Front 12

Injunction

Back 12

A court order that a person either do or stop doing something.

Front 13

Issue

Back 13

All direct descendants such as children, grand-children, and so on.

Front 14

Jurisprudence

Back 14

The study of the purposes and philosophies of the law, as opposed to particular provisions of the law.

Front 15

Legal realism

Back 15

Enforcement of the law is more important than the law itself.

Front 16

Natural law

Back 16

The theory that an unjust law is no law at all and that a rule is only legitimate if based on an immutable morality. *Laws must have a good moral basis.*

Front 17

Precedent

Back 17

An earlier case that decided the same legal issue as that presently in dispute, and which therefore will control the outcome of the current case.

Front 18

Private law

Back 18

Refers to the rights and duties between individuals that they themselves have created, for example, by entering into a contract or employment relation.

Front 19

Procedural law

Back 19

The rules establishing how the legal system itself is to operate in a particular kind of case.

Front 20

Public law

Back 20

refers to the rights and obligations of governments as they deal with the nation's citizens, for example, by taxing individuals, zoning neighborhoods, and regulating advertisements.

Front 21

Sovereign Refers

Back 21

to the recognized political power whom citizens obey. In the United States, the federal and all of the state governments are sovereigns.

Front 22

Stare decisis

Back 22

"Let the decision stand." A basic principle of the common law, it means that precedent is usually binding.

Front 23

Statute

Back 23

A law passed by a legislative body, such as Congress.

Front 24

Substantive law

Back 24

Rules that establish the rights of parties. For example, the prohibition against slander is substantive law, as opposed to procedural law.

Front 25

Writ

Back 25

An order from a government compelling someone to do a particular thing.

Front 26

Law is what the sovereign says it is. Decisions stand regardless of morality

Back 26

Legal Positivism