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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pt comes back from a missionary trip from Africa with some distinct skin lesions. He is also having issues with his mucous membranes.... what does he have? What transmitted it?
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Leishmania
Sandfly (Phlebotomus) |
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OBJECTIVE:
What insect vectors transmit leishmaniasis |
sandfly (Phlebotomus)
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what is the biomechanical mechanism of spread for leishmaniasis
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after bite, the flagella organism is taken up by macrophages and broken into smaller forms...they then multiply and lyse the macrophage and then spread to other cells
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in addition to skin lesions, what other major involvement can be seen with leishmaniasis?
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Visceral problems:
Fever, chills, weight loss, diarrhea, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, enlarged lymph nodes May be rapidly fatal if untreated (death from hemorrhage, sepsis, severe anemia . . .) |
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A 60-year old male patient presents with mild dyspnea, especially upon exertion, fatigue, and occasional mild chest pain. He reports episodes of dizziness and mild dysphagia. The patient lived in South America for 30 years prior to coming to the U.S.
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CHAGAS DISEASE!
trypanosoma cruzi |
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what is a major cardiac problem seen with Chagas disease?
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infectious myocarditis
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OBJECTIVE:
What insect vectors transmit trypanosomiasis |
Tsetse fly (african sleeping sickness)
or KISSING BUG! (chagas disease) |
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pt presents with Fever, chills, malaise, myalgia and fatigue. You note a Chagoma and periorbital edema. This patient recently traveled to where?
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SOUTH AMERICA
this is Chagas disease! |
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pt reports that they are sleeping more during the day and is experiencing insomnia at night. You are worried that they may fall into a coma..what is going on and what caused it?
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African Sleeping Sickness
spread by Tsetse fly |
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when the organism is first injected, you have an immune response that almost clears the infection. However these organsims have ANTIGENIC VARIATIAION that allows them to change enough to not be completely wiped out. What bug is this seen in? What is the antigenic variation?
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Trypanosoma (associated with the Tsetse fly and African Sleeping Sickness)
Variant Surface glycoprotein (VSG) |
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“Winterbottom sign” – posterior cervical nodes is seen in...
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African Sleeping Sickness (Tsetse fly)
Trypanosoma |
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Pt was in contact with contaminated water..you should think?
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Schistosomiasis
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if you have a parasitic worm infection, what WBC should you see increase in?
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Eosinophil
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What causes the majority of the problems seen in Schistosomiasis
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Host response to the eggs that the bug lays
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Schistosoma Life Cycle
(objective) |
snail releases infective bug (in contaminated water)
penetrates skin of individual larval state of the bug migrates around the body (especially lungs) then it winds up in the venous system (portal vein is where the bugs bone, and then move on) release eggs (1000s per day) SO: Snail-->human-->venous system (mate/lay eggs)-->eggs penetrate walls of blood vessels and enter the GI or urinary bladder and then are passed-->inflammatory rxn against the eggs |
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objective:
what is responsible for the infection of lymphatic filariasis |
Infective larvae injected by mosquito
(Wuchereria and Brugia species) |
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most important consequence of lymphatic filariasis?
(objective) |
blockage of lymphatics with repeated infection-->ELEPHANTIASIS
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an African man goes for a swim, and later ends up blind. What does he have and what got him?
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Onchocerciasis
Filarial worm infection from bite of the blackfly (Simulium damnosum) |
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Onchocerciasis:
most likely clinical presentation and mode of transmission (objective) |
Presentation – visual disturbance, blindness, painless subcutaneous nodules
Filarial worm infection from bite of the blackfly (Simulium damnosum) |
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What should you think if you see:
Ulcerated skin lesions |
Leishmaniasis
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What should you think if you see:
Cardiomyopathy |
Trypanosoma (Chagas disease)
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What should you think if you see:
Feces from kissing bug |
Trypanosoma (chagas)
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What should you think if you see:
VSG, antigenic variation |
Trypanosoma (african sleeping sickness, tsetse)
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What should you think if you see:
infective form penetrates skin |
Schistosoma
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What should you think if you see:
Lymphatic blockage |
Wucheria (Lymphatic Filaria Worms )
elephantitis |
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What should you think if you see::
black fly vector |
Onchocera (river blindness)
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What should you think if you see:
fever, malaise, rash, splenomegaly, abdominal pain and distension |
Schistosoma
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