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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between blood and plasma?
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Blood = Cells + plasma
Plasma = Water, protein, and solutes. |
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What is a reticulocyte?
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new RBC’s from bone marrow – complete hemogobin synthesis & mature 1-2 days after entering circulation
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RBC proliferation is up-regulated by kidney hormone...?
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erythropoietin
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this WBC has 3 lobes and is the first phagocytic cell to appear during bacterial inflammation
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Neutrophil
note: They roll across the endothelium until they leave the blood and become actively phagocytic. |
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this WBC has a lobulated nucleus and has granules with hydrolytic enzymes, histamine, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, & slow reacting substance.
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Basophil
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This WBC is used to fight parasitic infections and contains granuales with lysosomal enzymes and major basic protein, MBP
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Eosinophils
note: MBP is an anti-parasitic agent |
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Phagocytic leukocyte with a oval or kidney bean-shaped nucleus
important in regulation of immune response and inflammation what WBC? |
Monocyte
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Nucleus is round/oval in small/medium lymphocytes & may be more reniform in large lymphocytes. Very little cytoplasm evident. They ARE NOT phagocytic
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Lymphocytes
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Memory cells and plasma cells are what type of lymphocytes
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B-lymphocytes
note: T-lymphocytes: mature in thymus. Killer T cells: involved in graft and transplant rejection. Their normal role is to lyse virus-infected cells displaying viral antigens. Helper T cells: enhance B and T lymphocyte activity Suppressor T cells: suppress B and T lymphocyte activity |
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Why is adult bone marrow less hematopoietic than in fetal development?
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because it regresses from hematopoietic red marrow to fat-storing yellow marrow
note: Adult red marrow is found in vertebral bodies, ribs, sternum, iliac bones, proximal humerus and proximal tibia. |
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what type of arteries are found in the Aorta, pulmonary, common carotids, subclavians, & common iliac arteries?
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Elastic
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these blood vessels have a single endothelial layer surrounded by thin sheath of reticular & collagenous fibers & some pericytes.
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Capillary
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These blood vessels have several smooth muscle layers between the endothelial lining of the lumen and the adventitia
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Arterioles
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what type of capillaries are found in the GI tract, endocrine glands, renal glomerular tubules (no basal lamina), choroid plexus, & ciliary body
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Fenestrated
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what type of capillares are found in the liver and hemopoietic organs (spleen, bone marrow)?
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Sinusoidal
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What are the 2 "pulps" in the spleen and their basic functions?
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White:
--made of B&T lymphocyte cell islands; surrounds and follows arteries Red: --Removal of old and damaged RBCs --iron is released and transported to the marrow for new RBCs |
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What do direct and indirect blood levels of bilirubin tell you? what if they are elevated (what type of things could be going on)?
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Direct = conjugated bilirubin (↑ in bile duct blockage, cirrhosis, hepatitis since conjugated bilirubin cannot exit the liver in the normal manner through the duodenum.)
Indirect = unconjugated bilirubin (↑ in anemias, other blood disorders. The liver is operating normally but the spleen is overwhelming it with too much unconjugated bilirubin due to excessive breakdown of RBC’s) |
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fluid passing through lymph nodes is exposed to what 2 things?
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B & T lymphocytes
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Starting at the cisterna chyle, navigate the lymphatics to the appropriate subclavian vein
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Lymph from both lower limbs and the abdominopelvic viscera collects in a large sac (sometimes multiple sacs) called the --cisterna chyle--
From the cisterna chyle, the lymph flows up the --thoracic duct-- to reach the left subclavian vein. Lymph from the left upper limb and left head & neck also drains to the --left subclavian vein--. Lymph from the right upper limb and right head & neck drains to the --right subclavian vein--. |
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a nontender, firm, enlarged lymph node would indicate what?
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Metastatic lymphnode
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most lymphatic flow from the breast travels to what node?
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Axillary lymph node
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If lymph flow, or metastisis were to cross from one breast to another, what node would it have to cross?
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parasternal
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He had like 5 straight slides of lymphatic drainage...feel free to look at them if you want but I am not. And those were the final slides.
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Donezo
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