Bishop Knee

Front 1

what is the closed packed position of the knee?

Back 1

full extension of knee

Front 2

what is the loose packed position of the knee?

if swelling is present, what position will the knee assume?

Back 2

25 degrees of knee flexion

if there is swelling, knee will assume open packed position (25 degrees of knee flexion)

Front 3

screw home mechanism in open chain

in the final 30 degrees of knee extension, you get ________ tibial rotation

this rotation is imposed by what?

Back 3

external tibial rotation

when you stand up, you also get external tibial rotation

the external tibial rotation is imposed by the medial condylar surface of the femur, which is longer than the lateral condyle

Front 4

During active knee flexion, you get ______ tibial rotation, which is done by what muscle?

Back 4

internal tibial rotation

popliteus - the key to the knee

Front 5

how much tibial internal and external rotation can you get in the open chain?

in what knee position?

where does the pivoting occur?

Back 5

when knee is 90 degrees, you get 40 degrees of internal and external rotation (total rotation)

pivoting occurs in the MEDIAL tibial plateau

Front 6

arthrokinematics closed chain

explain flexion of knee

which cruciate ligament helps?

Back 6

posterior roll and anterior glide of femur relative to fixed tibia

ACL

ACL helps w/ knee flexion in closed chain, helps guide motion

Front 7

arthrokinematics - closed chain

explain knee extension

which cruciate ligament helps?

Back 7

anterior roll and posterior glide of femur relative to fixed tibia

PCL helps with posterior glide of femur on fixed tibia, during extension of knee in closed chain

Front 8

how does synovial fluid move during knee extension?

Back 8

anteriorly, towards patella

Front 9

how does synovial fluid move during knee flexion?

Back 9

posteriorly, towards popliteal area

Front 10

what position is the knee in when most ACL injuries occur?

Back 10

knee slightly flexed

tibia rotated medially in weight bearing

Front 11

what combined motions at the knee create the most stress on the ACL? (3)

Back 11

Tibial:
1. anterior translation
2. medial rotation
3. abduction (valgus)

Front 12

what 3 ligaments prevent hyperextension of the knee?

Back 12

1. ACL
2. POL
3. Arcuate ligaments

Front 13

External rotation of tibia on the femur

1. primary restraints
2. dynamic restraints

Back 13

1. MCL, LCL
2. popliteus

Front 14

Internal rotation of tibia on femur

1. primary restraints
2. dynamic restraints

Back 14

1. ACL, PCL (remember that cruciate ligaments get more taut w/ internal rotation of tibia on femur)
2. biceps femoris

Front 15

Medial joint stability

1. primary restraints
2. Secondary restraints
3. dynamic restraints?

Back 15

1. MCL and POL(knee extended)
2. ACL
3. Pes anserine

Front 16

lateral joint stability

1. primary restraints
2. secondary restraints
3. dynamic restraints

Back 16

1. LCL and Arcuate ligament (knee extended)
2. ACL and PCL
3. biceps femoris

Front 17

Posterior joint stability (prevents posterior tibial translation)

1. primary restraints
2. secondary restraints
3. dynamic restraints

Back 17

1. PCL
2. LCL and Arcuate ligament
3. quads

Front 18

anterior joint stability (prevent anterior translation of tibia)

1. primary restraints
2. secondary restraints
3. dynamic restraints

Back 18

1. ACL
2. MCL
3. hams

Front 19

medial rotation of the tibia does what to the cruciate ligaments, particularly to the ACL

Back 19

makes them tight

Front 20

lateral rotation of the tibia does what to cruciate ligaments?

Back 20

ACL and PCL relax

Front 21

ACL and PCL are composed of different bundles that are taut or lax in different positions of the knee. both PCL and ACL have what?

Back 21

1. anteromedial bundles

2. posterolateral bundles

2 bundles in each PCL or ACL

Front 22

meniscus biomechanics during:

knee extension

Back 22

slide and compress anteriorly

Front 23

meniscus biomechanics during:

knee flexion

Back 23

slide and compress posteriorly

Front 24

meniscus biomechanics during:

knee med/lat rotation

Back 24

follow movement of femur

Front 25

which is more mobile, the lateral or medial meniscus?

Back 25

lateral meniscus

Front 26

lateral meniscal attachments (3)

Back 26

1. anterior and posterior meniscofemoral ligaments
2. popliteus
3. PCL

Front 27

Medial meniscal attachments (3)

Back 27

1. semimembranosus
2. MCL
3. ACL (anterior horn)
4. PCL (posterior horn)

Front 28

injury to which meniscus is more common (locking, catching from squatting)?

which meniscus is more held down, less mobile?

Back 28

medial meniscus

medial meniscus

Front 29

transverse ligament of menisci

function?

Back 29

connects the two menisci

anterior, close to tibial tubercle

Front 30

coronary ligaments of meniscus

Back 30

attach meniscus to tibia (bone)

Front 31

outer 1/3 of meniscus has good blood supply

middle 1/3 red white zone does not heal well

what promotes circulation for inner 1/3 of meniscus (white zone)?

Back 31

knee joint motion

joint has to move for nutrition of inner 1/3 of meniscus

Front 32

characteristics of medial meniscus

Back 32

semicircle shaped

firmly attached down in tibial plateau

Front 33

characteristics of lateral meniscus

Back 33

c-shaped
much more mobile

Front 34

what type of joint is the knee joint?

how many DF?

Back 34

double condyloid

3 DF
flexion/ext
abd/add
med/lat rotation