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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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True or False? Birds are vertebrates. |
True. |
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What class do birds belong to? |
Class Aves |
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What helps birds survive in virtually every known environment? |
Being warm blooded |
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Where do scientist believe birds came from? |
They believe that they are relatives of reptiles |
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What are the features that make people believe they are related to reptiles? |
Their fragile hollow bones |
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What are the features that make people believe they are related to reptiles? |
Their fragile hollow bones |
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Why can't we ever find fossils of birds? |
Their bones do not preserve well to be able to find fossils |
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What type of bird is known to have both characteristics of birds and reptiles? |
The Archaeopteryx |
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What characteristics do Archaeopteryx have that make them resemble reptiles? |
They have a large skull with teeth, bones that weren't hollow, claws on its forelimbs, and a long tail. |
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What characteristics did Archaeopteryx have that made it resemble to a bird? |
They had strong legs and rounded wings indicating it didn't fly but it glided. |
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What other characteristics did Archaeopteryx have that were birdlike? |
The presence of feathers and a furculum. |
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How many species of birds are there? |
9,000 species |
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How many species of birds are there? |
9,000 species |
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How many orders are there? |
27 orders |
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How are birds classified? |
By morphological evidence from beaks, feet, plumage, bone structure, and muscularlature. |
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List some characteristics of birds- |
-thin, hollow bones -forelimb function for wings is flight not grasping -two hind legs with toes -warm blooded -4 chambered heart (single right aortic arch) |
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What are some external characteristics of birds? |
-soft, fluffy down feathers -contour feathers (adults) -flight feathers |
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What two types of birds have powerful beak and clawed talons that they use to capture/rip their prey? |
Hawks and Eagles |
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What type of bird have tiny beaks that open wide like a catcher's mitt? |
Swifts |
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How are the feet of flightless birds modified? |
They are modified for walking and running |
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What is their Skelton/muscular structure? |
-light and strong -bones; thin and hollow -trunk bones are fused bones -fused bones from a sturdy frame anchors the breast muscles during flight and supports the muscles at rest |
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What is there endothermy like? |
-warm blooded; generate and regulate body heat internally -enables birds to inhabit both cold and hot climate -body temp of a bird is about 40-46 degrees C -to help conserve body heat, birds fluff out their feathers to insulation |
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What is the function of the crop? |
To store and moisten food |
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Where does the food go after it goes through the mouth? |
Food passes from the mouth cavity straight to the esophagus. |
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What is the proventriculus? |
It is a chamber where gastric fluids begin breaking down the food |
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What is the muscular organ that crushes the food? |
The gizzard |
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*Summary of the Excretory System. |
Two kidneys filter nitrogenous waste called uric acid from the blood. Highly concentrated uric mixed with undigested matter from the intestines and is excreted in a semisolid, usually white mass. |
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*Summary of the Circulatory System. |
Birds have a four chambered heart, the right and lefts sides are completely separated. The right side receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs. The left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body. Most birds have a rapid heart beat, hummingbirds- 600x a minute |
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*Summary of the Nervous System. |
birds have a large brain and keen vision, along with having good color vision. They have large eyes located near the sides of its head giving a bird a wide field of vision. For nocturnal birds, hearing is important for them to catch prey. Birds lack internal ears- ear canal leads to eardrum. |
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*Sum. of Nervous System continued |
Sense of smell is poorly developed except in ducks and flightless birds, sense of taste helps birds avoid bitter tasting or toxic foods. |
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What is the shell made out of? |
Calcium Carbonate |
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What does a unfertilized egg contain? |
Nucleus, cytoplasm, and a yoke |
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When fertilized, the embryo is suspended in what? |
Albumen, the egg white |
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What does a female bird usually do during incubation and development? |
They usually lay the eggs in a nest |
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What is one thing about birds that are unique in this process? |
One or both parents will incubate or warm the eggs. |
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What do they cover them with? |
A thick featherless patch of skin on their abdomen called brood patch. |
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What is unique about Emperor Penguins? |
The female will lay the egg but the male will incubate it while the mother goes and catches food and feeds. |
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When the bird is hatching, what does it use to get out of the shell? |
A scalelike egg tooth |
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True or False? Blood vessels in the yolk sac membrane carry the nutrients to the embryo. |
True |
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What shape does the embryo leave on the shell to "help" the baby bird escape the egg shell? |
Star shaped. |
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What are the basic behavior of a bird? |
Hunting, nesting, courtship, and migration |
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What do males do during breeding season? |
They defend an area against other males of their species. |
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True or False? The females attract the males with their brightly colored feathers. |
False, the males do. |
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What else do the male use besides brightly colored feathers? |
They combine a song with their display. |
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What happens during migration? |
They migrate to warmer climates when the temperature drops and the food dwindles. An example would be Canada Goose. |
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How can they tell to migrate? |
Some birds monitor the position of the stars or sun, other rely on topographical landmarks like mountains. Other species, rely on magnetic cues, changes in the air pressure to low-frequency sounds |
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Name a native bird Mississippi has. |
American Woodcock |
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What part of birds do we eat sometimes? |
The gizzard |
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In the gizzard, what helps break down food? |
Rocks, birds will swallow rocks to help grind food up since they don't have teeth |
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How can WE tell when spring is coming and winter is starting to end? (Mrs. Wilson told us how she knew) |
We can see Canada Geese flying back to Mississippi |
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Do birds hibernate? |
No, they migrate for the winter. |
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What do birds usually eat? |
Insects |
