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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the MIC
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minimum inhibitory concentration
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what does the minimun inhibitoy concetration consist of
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the lowest concentration of a specific antimicrobial drug needed to prevent growth
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where does the minimum inhibitory concentration prevention of growth apply to
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in vitro
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how is minimum inhibitory concentration determined
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growing the test strain on broth cultures containing different concentrations of antimicrobial
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what is mbc
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the minimum bactricidal concentration
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what is the minimum bactericidal concentration
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lowest concentration of specific antimicrobials that kills 99.9
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how is mbc determined
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by finding out how many live organisms remain in tubs from the mic test
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which proteins can prevent entry of antimicrobial drugs into cell
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porins
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systems that use to transport bacteria out of a cell are called what
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efflux pumps
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how can the cell eject the drugs faster
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make more efflux puumps
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what can influence the range of drugs that can be ejected from a cell
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structural changes
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why are structural changes in a bacterial cell with efflux pumps wrrisome
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they can become resistant to numerous drugs
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cephalosporins are resistant to what
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inactivation by certain enzymes
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why are cephalosporins not effective against gram positive bacteria
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they have a low affinity for pbp
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name 2 drugs of cephalosporin
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cephalexin and cephadrine
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which generations of cephalosporins are more effective against gram negative
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later generations
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have cephalosporins been chemically altered
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yes
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which two b lactam drugs are most resistant to b lactamase
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carbapenems and monobactams
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how does vancomycin work
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blocks peptidoglycan synthesis
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when vancomycin blocks peptidoglycan synthesis what does it do
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binds to the peptide chain of NAM molecule
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when vancomycin blocks the peptidoglycan and attaches to the peptide chain of a NAM molecule what does it do to the cell wall
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it weakens causing the cell to lyse
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how must vancomycin be administered
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intravenously
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what is vancomycin used for treatment of what type of bacteria and resistant to what
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treating infections caused by gram positive bacteria resistant to b lactamase
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what does vancomycin not work against
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gram negative bacteria
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why wont gram negative and vancomycin work
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gram negative bacteria is intrinsically resistant
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what changes to cause bacteria to be intrinsically resistant to vancomycin
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the peptide chain of NAM
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where do amino glycosides bind to
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30s ribosome
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when aminoglycosides attach to the 30s ribosome what does it do
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it distorts the chain
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after the chain is distorted in 30s ribosome what does it lead to
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blocks the initiation and translation so all mRNA is distorted
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aminoglycosides are not effective with what
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anaerobes, enterococci and streptococci
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how do aminoglycosides enter a cell
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through ATP AND AEROBIC RESPIRATION
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why can't aminoglycosides be effective with anaerobes, enterococci and streptococci
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because they need ATP
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what can aminoglycan be synergized with
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b lactam drug
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explain the synergism inbetween the b lactam drug and aminoglycoside
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b lactam interferes with cell wall and aminoglycoside goes in
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