Biotech Concepts And Vocabulary

Front 1

What is the number that indicates how many protons are in a nucleus

Back 1

Atomic Number

Front 2

What is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Back 2

Atomic Mass

Front 3

Electrons in the outermost orbital

Back 3

Valence

Front 4

Different forms, same element. Different numbers of neutrons, same protons

Back 4

Isotopes

Front 5

2 or more atoms sharing electrons

Back 5

Covalent Bond

Front 6

ions of opposite charge form together

Back 6

Ionic Bind

Front 7

weak chemical attraction between polar atoms

Back 7

Hydrogen Bond

Front 8

having an attraction for water

Back 8

Hydrophilic

Front 9

repelled by water

Back 9

Hydrophobic

Front 10

contains a + and - charge on opposite sides of the mole

Back 10

Polar

Front 11

not have concentrations of + or - electric charge. Not soluble in water

Back 11

Non-polar

Front 12

the mass of a mole of a particular substance

Back 12

Molecular Mass

Front 13

mass in grams of 6 x 10 23 of a given substance

Back 13

Mole

Front 14

the mass of one atom of the isotope expressed in units

Back 14

Formula Weight

Front 15

1 mole of compound is dissolved in a total volume of 1 litre

Back 15

Molar Solutions

Front 16

scale from 0-14, describes how acidic (0) or basic (14) a substance is

Back 16

pH Scale

Front 17

measures the ammount of light absorbed

Back 17

Spectrophotometry

Front 18

method of making solutions of low molar concentrations

Back 18

Serial Dilutions

Front 19

regulates movement of materials in and out of the cell

Back 19

Plasma Membrane

Front 20

A membrane system that ramifies throughout the cytoplasm and is involved in the synthesis, processing, transport, and secretion of proteins

Back 20

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Front 21

organelle in cell where proteins are made

Back 21

Ribosome

Front 22

membrane bound- encloses cell's DNA

Back 22

Nucleus

Front 23

membrane bound organelle- cellular energy

Back 23

Mitochondria

Front 24

organelle in plants responsible for photosynthesis

Back 24

Chloroplast

Front 25

cell division. chromosome number maintained through each generation

Back 25

Mitosis

Front 26

cell division that results in 4 gametes (cells of repro)

Back 26

Meiosis

Front 27

long strands of DNA/protein molecules

Back 27

Chromosomes

Front 28

a picture of the chromosomes in a cell that is used to check for abnormalities

Back 28

Karyotype

Front 29

abnormal cell: 3 copies of a chromosome instead of 2. Down Syndrome

Back 29

Trisomy

Front 30

mutation when large piece of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome

Back 30

Translocation

Front 31

cell that lacks membrane bound organelles

Back 31

Prokaryote

Front 32

cell that contains membrane bound organelles

Back 32

Eukaryote

Front 33

information carrying molecules

Back 33

Nucleic Acids

Front 34

monomer subunits of nucleic acid

Back 34

Nucleotide

Front 35

essential for cellular regeneration and cellular energy

Back 35

Ribose (5 carbon sugar)

Front 36

5 carbon sugar found in DNA

Back 36

Deoxyribose

Front 37

polyatomic ion/radical consisting of 1 phosphorus ation and 4 oxygen

Back 37

Phosphate Group

Front 38

a nucleotide that can bind together nitrogen bases through a hydrogen bond

Back 38

Nitrogen Base

Front 39

a double stranded helical molecule that stores genetic information

Back 39

DNA

Front 40

the process whereby DNA is purified from cells

Back 40

DNA extraction

Front 41

a chemical similar to DNA from which proteins are made. unlike DNA, it can leave the nucleus

Back 41

RNA

Front 42

One of the pyrimidine nitrogenous bases of DNA. Thymine pairs with adenine

Back 42

Thymine

Front 43

nitrogen base, purine, pairs up with cytosine

Back 43

Guanine

Front 44

nitrogen base, pyrimidine, pairs up with Guanine

Back 44

Cytosine

Front 45

nitrogen base, purine, pairs up with thymine

Back 45

Adenine

Front 46

A nitrogenous base, pyrimidine, capable of forming a base pair with adenine

Back 46

Uracil

Front 47

The process of making an identical copy of a section of duplex (double-stranded) DNA

Back 47

Replication

Front 48

A change in a DNA sequence

Back 48

Mutation

Front 49

The basic chemicals that make up the structure of cells and direct their activities.

Back 49

Proteins

Front 50

participate in every activity within the cell, mostly enzymes

Back 50

Functions

Front 51

protein that speeds up chemical reactions

Back 51

Enzymes

Front 52

proteins developed by immune system to fight off viruses and diseases

Back 52

Antibodies

Front 53

proteins or molecules that are the target or binding

Back 53

Antigen

Front 54

The process of copying information from DNA into new strands of messenger RNA (mRNA)

Back 54

Transcription

Front 55

process of reading mRNA code, convert to amino acids

Back 55

Translation

Front 56

A single-stranded molecule of ribonucleic acid that directs protein production

Back 56

mRNA

Front 57

binds to both mRNA and tRNA to ensure the correct order of amino acids in a protein during translation

Back 57

rRNA

Front 58

shuttles amino acids into ribosome for protein synthesis

Back 58

tRNA

Front 59

uses electricity to separate charged molecules on a gel slab

Back 59

Gel Electrophoresis

Front 60

polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to separate molecules

Back 60

PAGE

Front 61

carbohydrate from seaweed used for horizontal gel electrophoresis

Back 61

Agarose

Front 62

A method of separating a mixture of compounds by the use of a porous material.

Back 62

Chromatography

Front 63

molecules are separated based on their size

Back 63

Size Exclusion

Front 64

separation technique based on overall change at pH

Back 64

Ion Exchange